不同时期套袋对早熟梨果实品质及有机氯菊酯类农药残留的影响  

Effect of Bagging Time on Fruit Quality and Organochlorine Pesticides Residues of Early Maturing Pear

作　　者：李刚波[1] 樊继德[1] 赵林[1] 张婷[1] 张梅[1] 杨艳[1] 董玲霞 王福建 杨峰[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏徐淮地区徐州农业科学研究所,江苏徐州221121 [2]江苏徐州丰县大沙河果园,江苏徐州221700

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2018年第2期220-227,共8页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：江苏省农业科技自主创新资金[CX(15)1023]~~

摘　　要：以早熟梨‘苏翠1号’作为研究材料,研究2种纸袋[复合双光袋(F1)、黄白袋(H)]3个时期[5月9日(T1)、5月19日(T2)、5月29日(T3)]套袋果实的外观色泽、果径、果皮硬度、单果质量、糖组分(蔗糖、果糖、葡萄糖、山梨醇)质量分数、酸组分(苹果酸、柠檬酸、奎尼酸)质量分数、可溶性固形物质量分数(SSC)、糖酸比以及果实有机氯菊酯类农药残留的变化差异。结果表明:(1)不同时期套袋果实的SSC、糖酸比明显低于CK,而果径、果形指数、果心/果肉、果皮硬度及单果质量均没有表现出显著差异,T1时期套袋果实光洁度与亮度l值最高,从大到小表现为T1>T2>T3>CK。(2)HT1处理果实蔗糖、葡萄糖和果糖质量分数显著高于FT1处理,总糖质量分数较FT1处理高8.28%,较CK处理低17.29%。套黄白纸袋果实柠檬酸、奎尼酸质量分数差异不显著,而套复合双光纸袋则达到了显著水平。(3)T1时期套袋可以有效降低氯氰菊酯残留量,HT1、FT1与CK处理相比分别降低了57.63%、30.98%,而对降低溴氰菊酯和氟胺氰菊酯农药残留的作用不大。综上,2种纸袋均宜选择在5月9日左右(盛花期后35d)套袋,套黄白纸袋果实SSC质量分数、糖酸比及总糖质量分数大于套复合纸袋。The‘Sucui 1＇pear was used as material for studying.The appearance quality,internal quality and pesticide residues on early maturing pear were explored after bagging on May 9 th,May19 th,and May 29 th,respectively.The result showed that：（1）The mass fractions of SSC and sugar acid ratio in bagging treatments were significantly lower than those in CK.Fruit diameter,firmness and single mass had no significant difference between three bagging times.However,the skin brightness（l）of bagged fruits was in sequence of T1T2T3CK.（2）The mass fraction of sucrose,glucose and fructose in HT1 were higher significantly compared with that of FT1.The total soluble sugar mass fraction of fruit in treatment of HT1 was 8.28% higher than those in FT1 treatment,and17.29%lower than that in CK treatment.There was no significant difference in the mass fraction of citric acid and quinidine acid in HT treatments,but the difference was very significant with FT treatments.（3）The residue of cypermethrin decreased significantly in T1 treatment.Compared with CK,the residue of cypermethrin in HT1 and FT1 decreased by 57.63% and 30.98%respectively,but bagging had little effect on reducing pyrethroid and deltamethrin pesticide residues.Thus,we concluded that the optimum period of bagging was 35 days after flowering（May 9 th）.Compared with the composite paper bag,the yellow and white paper bag was more beneficial to increasing the soluble solid,sugar and acid ratio and total sugar mass fraction of pear fruits.

关 键 词：套袋 早熟梨 糖酸 有机氯菊酯 

分 类 号：S661.2[农业科学—果树学]