城市规模、门槛效应与人力资本外部性  

City Size, Threshold Effect and Human Capital Externality

作　　者：王珍珍[1] 穆怀中[1] 

机构地区：[1]辽宁大学,沈阳110036

出　　处：《上海行政学院学报》2018年第2期88-99,共12页The Journal of Shanghai Administration Institute

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"机关事业单位‘并轨’养老保险缴费适度水平及总资金平衡研究"(71573112);辽宁大学亚洲研究中心资助研究项目"人口老龄化背景下东北地区医养结合筹资问题研究"(Y201812)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：利用2000年262个地级市截面数据,通过柯布道格拉斯生产函数的估计来考察人力资本外部性大小,以及城市规模对人力资本外部性的作用机制。研究发现:城市层面的高技能劳动力比例对工资存在显著正外部性,该比例每上升1个百分点,工资收入将提高1.84%;整体层面及服务业内的人力资本外部性会随着城市规模增大而加强。进一步地,以2000-2014年30个省份的面板数据,以城市规模为门槛变量,采用面板门槛模型进行实证研究,发现城市规模对人力资本外部性的影响存在双重门槛,城市规模较小或过大会造成"集聚效应"不足和"拥挤效应"过度,均不利于高等教育人力资本沉淀和外部效应凸显。因此,应通过合理制定城市发展政策,科学引导人才流动,加大高等教育投资等举措,充分发挥人力资本外部性对经济发展的推动作用。This paper explores the human capital externality and the mechanism of urban size on human capital externality by esti- mating production functions using cross-section data of 262 cities in 2000. Study found that： higher education human capital exist signif- icant positive externalities to wages, for each one percent increase in the proportion of skilled labor, wage income will rise 1.84%. Exter- nalities generated by human capital in overall level and service industries increase along with the city size. Furthermore, using panel data of 30-regions in China during 2000 to2014, setting city size as threshold variable, we find that： city size exist double threshold, city on a smaller size or oversize will cause insufficient ＂accumulation effect＂ and excessive ＂crowding effect＂, are not conducive to precipitation and externality prominent of higher education human capital. In order to give full play to the promoting function of human capital exter- nality for economic development, we should reasonable urban development policy, guide the talent flow, and constantly increase higher e- ducation investment.

关 键 词：人力资本外部性 城市规模 高等教育 服务业 

分 类 号：F290[经济管理—国民经济]