河南方言词语释源四则  

Four Case Studies on the Origins of Words in Henan Dialect

作　　者：张生汉[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南大学文学院、语言科学与语言规划研究所,河南开封475001

出　　处：《河南大学学报（社会科学版）》2018年第2期131-135,共5页Journal of Henan University(Social Sciences）

摘　　要：河南方言中的不少词语历史悠久,弄清楚它们的来源,不仅是现代河南方言词汇研究的重要内容,也是汉语词汇史研究的组成部分。河南话中蝉的幼虫有"爬叉"和"老故融"两种叫法,"爬叉"源于爬行义的"爬沙(扒扠)",最早见于唐代文献;"老故融"源于缓慢蠕动的"蛄融"(或写作"咕踊"),二者得名的缘由相一致。称锄柄为"锄橿"之"橿"在《说文》中已有解说,其实它与杠杆的"杠"原为一个词。表示等份的量词"亭(儿)"与"订""停"都表示均平的意思,它们有语源上的关联,方言中作为量词的用法也由来已久。"杌树"的"杌"表示截去、截断之义,在汉魏时已有用例,文献中的"杌树"与"兀树""髡树"意思一样,"杌""髡"与"兀"是同源词。Many words of Henan dialect have a long history.To clarify their origins is not only an important part of vocabulary research on modern Henan dialect,but also an integral part of the study of Chinese vocabulary history.In Henan dialect,there are two words of similar origins referring to the larvae of cicadas,namely 爬叉 páchāand 老故融lǎogùróng.The word爬叉páchāoriginates from the word爬 沙（扒 扠）páshā（páchā）which means the act of climbing and can be observed in the literature of the Tang Dynasty;the word老故融lǎogùróngoriginates from the word蛄融gūróng（or written as咕踊gūyǒng）which means the act of creeping.The stalk of hoe is referred as锄 橿chújiāng whose explanation can be observed in＂Shuo Wen＂,which is the same word as杠gàng.The quantifier亭儿tínger expressing an equal amount has similar meaning with订dìngand停tíng.These words are of similar origins and have a long history of being used as quantifier.The word杌 wùin 杌树 wùshùmeans cutting off or cross-cutting,the examples of which can be observed in literature of the Han and Wei Dynasties,which indicates that杌树 wùshù,兀树wùshùand髡树kūnshùare homologous words.

关 键 词：河南方言 词语 来源 解释 

分 类 号：H07[语言文字—语言学]