用相对性原理理解电场和磁场  

UNDERSTANDING ELECTRIC FIELD AND MAGNETIC FIELD BY RELATIVITY PRINCIPLE

作　　者：曾永志[1] 黄碧华[1] ZENG Yongzhi ,HUANG Bihua(College of Physics and Information Engineering, FuzhouUniversity, Fuzhou Fujian 35010)

机构地区：[1]福州大学物理与信息工程学院,福建福州350108

出　　处：《物理与工程》2018年第2期40-44,共5页Physics and Engineering

基　　金：福建省教育厅基金项目;MOOC背景下电动力学教学方法模式探索;项目编号:JAS151247;0360-52001026

摘　　要：电场和磁场是用来描述电荷之间相互作用的两种效应,不同参照系的观察者可以观测到不同的电场和磁场的比例。就像一个硬币的两个面,只有将电场和磁场看成一个整体,电磁场基本理论才能与相对性原理相互自洽,电场和磁场仅仅只是相互为相对论效应。本文通过3个熟悉的例子进一步说明相对性原理的重要性,只有物理规律才与参照系无关,如何解释物理规律是与参照系相关的。从这个意义上说,电场、磁场是人们"发明"来解释电荷之间相互作用的物理规律。The electric field and the magnetic field are used to describe the two effects of the charge interaction,and observers in different frames of reference can observe different ratios of the electric field and magnetic field.As two sides of a coin,only when the electric field and magnetic field are considered as a whole,the theory of electromagnetic field can be consistent with the theory of relativity.Electric fields and magnetic fields are merely relativistic effects.In this paper,three familiar examples are given to further illustrate the importance of the principle of relativity,the reason why only the laws of physics are frame independence,and how to explain the laws of physics is frame dependence.In this sense,electric field and magnetic field are invented to explain the interaction between charges.

关 键 词：相对性原理 电场 磁场 

分 类 号：O441[理学—电磁学]