明代话本小说中自然灾害的书写  

On Natural Calamity of Huaben Novels in the Ming Dynasty

作　　者：伏漫戈[1] Fu Mange

机构地区：[1]西安文理学院人文学院

出　　处：《农业考古》2018年第1期125-131,共7页Agricultural Archaeology

基　　金：国家社科基金项目"明代关中四先生文学观研究"(项目编号:12xzw006)

摘　　要：明代话本小说描述了水灾、旱灾、蝗灾、潮灾等自然灾害,作者通过写实或神异化、妖魔化等手法,对自然灾害进行描述。对于自然灾害,朝廷通过修筑堤防、疏通河道、重视预兆积极预防,采取开放义仓、平粜粮食、遣散人口等方法予以赈济;百姓亦选择逃荒、求助等途径展开自救,当人力难以解决灾难时,人们斋戒、祭祀、祈祷,寻求神灵保佑。作者书写自然灾害的动机各异:有人同情民生疾苦,有人鞭挞施政弊端,有人迷信因果报应,有人感叹祸福无常,有人歌功颂德,有人抒发治国理想。Natural calamities such as flood, drought, plague of locusts and disaster of tide were described in Huaben novels in the Ming Dynasty. Natural calamity was depicted realistically or was deified and demonized by the authors. The government actively prevented disasters by building the dykes and dams, dredging river course and paying attention to any harbingers. Also the government adopted various methods such as opening local public welfare barn, selling stored grain at fair prices, and dispersing population. Common people saved themselves by varied channels of fleeing from famine and seeking help. People pray for blessings from gods by fasting, offering sacrifices to god and praying when manpower could not resolve disasters. Motives of novelists were different when describing natural calamity. Some sympathized with sufferings of common people, while others lashed malpractice of administration; some made a fetish of retribution, while others sighed with feeling impermanence of good fortune and bad fortune; some eulogized emperor＇s virtues and achievements, while others expressed ideal of administering a country.

关 键 词：明代 话本小说 自然灾害 类型 措施 意图 

分 类 号：K248[历史地理—历史学]