化肥减施对‘黔茶1号’产量与品质的影响  

Effects of Chemical Fertilizer Reducing on Yield and Quality of Tea‘Qiancha 1'

作　　者：刘声传[1] 龙毅 林开勤 李燕[1] 陈正武 周玉锋[1] Liu Shengchuan1, Long Yi2, Lin Kaiqin1, Li Yan1, Chen Zhengwul, Zhou Yufeng1(1Tea Research Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550006; 2Guizhou Agricultural Science and Technology Development Center, Guiyang 55000)

机构地区：[1]贵州省农业科学院茶叶研究所,贵阳550006 [2]贵州省农业科技发展中心,贵阳550001

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2018年第6期60-64,共5页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家重点研发计划子课题"西南地区(渝川贵)茶园化肥农药减施增效技术集成研究与示范"(2016YFD0200906);贵州省农业动植物育种专项"黔茶1号区域适应性高效栽培研究与示范"[黔农育专字(2012)022号];贵州省体改项目"现代高效农业园区茶叶栽培与加工技术集成示范"[黔科合体Z字(2013)4008];贵州省科研机构服务企业行动计划项目"黔茶系列茶树品种推广应用园区及能力建设"[黔科合服企(2014)4008号]

摘　　要：为开展茶园化肥减施增效,比较分析不施肥(CK)、基肥(茶树专用有机无机复混肥)+追肥+撒施(T1)、基肥(茶树专用有机无机复混肥)+追肥+沟施(T2)(化肥减施量21.8%)、基肥(金正大控释肥+油饼)+追肥+沟施(T3)(化肥减施量43.5%)、基肥(恩泰克复合肥+油饼)+追肥+沟施(T4)(化肥减施量44.8%)对‘黔茶1号’春茶产量与品质的影响。结果表明,CK、T1、T2、T3、T4之间产量和品质差异显著,CK的效果最差;T2、T3、T4的产量分别较T1增产6.9%、21.1%、15.1%;T3、T4与T1的水浸出物、茶多酚、游离氨基酸、咖啡碱、酚氨比无显著差异。相关性分析表明,一定范围内,化肥减施量与春茶产量、发芽密度、百芽重和咖啡碱含量呈高度负相关,与茶多酚含量中度负相关,与水浸出物和游离氨基酸含量低度正相关,与酚氨比低度负相关。茶园肥料沟施效果好于撒施,新型肥料与有机肥搭配施用,减施增效效果更好。To save fertilizer and improve fertilizer efficiency in tea garden,a field test was conducted to studythe effects of five fertilization practices on tea yield and quality of‘Qiancha 1＇.Five fertilization modes wereset up including no fertilizer（CK）,base fertilizer（organic-inorganic fertilizer for tea plant） ＋ topdressing ＋broadcast（T1）,base fertilizer（organic-inorganic fertilizer for tea plant） ＋ topdressing ＋ furrow（T2）（21.8%chemical fertilizer reduced）,base fertilizer（Jinzhengda controlled-release fertilizer＋ oil cake）＋ topdressing＋furrow（T3）（43.5% chemical fertilizer reduced）,and base fertilizer（ENTEC compound fertilizer＋ oil cake）＋topdressing ＋ furrow（T4）（44.8% chemical fertilizer reduced）.The results showed that the significantdifferences of yield and quality among CK,T1,T2,T3 and T4 were observed,and the worst effects wereobserved in CK.Compared with that of T1,the yield of T2,T3 and T4 increased by 6.9%,21.1% and 15.1%,respectively.The correlation analyses indicated that,within a certain range,reducing the amount of chemicalfertilizer had high negative correlation with yield,budding density,weight per 100 buds and caffeine content ofspring tea,moderate negative correlation with tea polyphenols content,while low positive correlation with waterextracts and free amino acids content,but low negative correlation with ratio of tea polyphenols to free amino acids.The results of this study indicate that fertilizer furrow application is better than broadcast application intea garden,while the application of novel fertilizer mixed with manure contributes more to saving fertilizer andimproving fertilizer efficiency.

关 键 词：'黔茶1号’ 控释肥 减施增效 恩泰克 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S571.1[农业科学—茶叶生产加工]