基于生态足迹模型的流域生态承载力时空演变研究  

Study on Spatio-temporal Evolution of Watershed Ecological Capacity Using the Ecological Footprint Model

作　　者：马维兢 刘斌 杨德伟[1,3] 徐凌星 郭青海 MA Weijing1,2,3, LIU Bin1,2,3, YANG Dewei1,2,3, XU Lingxing1,2,3, GUO Qinghai1,3(1.Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; 2.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; 3.Xiamen Key Laboratory of Urban Metabolism, Xiamen 361021, Chin)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院城市环境研究所中国科学院城市环境与健康重点实验室,福建厦门361021 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]厦门市城市代谢重点实验室,福建厦门361021

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2018年第1期163-171,共9页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41371535;41690142);福建省科技计划引导性项目(2015Y0082)

摘　　要：基于生态足迹模型评价流域生态承载力及生态系统压力具有重要的现实意义。文章运用生态足迹模型,测度了九龙江流域2000年、2005年、2010年和2015年生态足迹、生态承载力、生态赤字以及生态压力指数,并对比分析了不同区域、不同地类之间的差异。结果表明:(1)2000-2015年,九龙江流域生态足迹快速上升,由540万hm^2增加至1 257万hm^2;生态承载力缓慢下降,由260万hm^2下降至254万hm^2,这导致生态赤字不断扩大和生态系统压力不断增加;(2)不同区域差异方面,生态足迹由高到低依次为市辖区、县级市和一般县,而生态承载力分布规律与之相反,导致3类区域生态赤字差异不断扩大;(3)不同地类方面,6类土地类型中,耕地和化石能源用地是流域生态足迹的主要贡献因子。其中,化石能源用地是影响流域生态足迹快速上升的关键驱动因子;同时,各地类生态承载力贡献率也在不断变化,主要表现为耕地的下降和建设用地的上升。It is of significance to evaluate the ecological capacity and ecosystem pressure for a river watershed based on the ecological footprint model. In this study, the ecological footprint, ecological capacity, ecological deficit and ecological pressure index in 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015 were measured, and the differences between regions and land types were comparative analyzed in the Jiulong River watershed. The results show that in 2000-2015, the ecological footprint of the watershed increased rapidly from 540×10^4 hm^2 to 1 257×10^4 hm^2, while the ecological capacity decreased slowly from 260×10^4 hm^2 to 254×10^4 hm^2, which resulted in an increased ecological deficit and ecological pressure. In terms of different regions, the ecological footprint distribution from high to low in municipal districts, county-level cities and general counties, and the ecological capacity performed opposite, which led to the difference of ecological deficit much bigger among three administrative divisions.In regard to different land types, the cultivated land and the fossil energy land were the main contributors of the ecological footprint in six land types, of which fossil energy land was the key driving factor of rapidly increased ecological footprint.Meanwhile, the contribution of different land types to ecological capacity was changing, which is mainly related to the decline of the cultivated land and the rise of the construction land.

关 键 词：生态足迹 生态承载力 生态赤字 可持续性 九龙江流域 

分 类 号：X22[环境科学与工程—环境科学]