离心匀肥罩式水稻地表变量撒肥机设计与试验  

Design and Experiment of Variable-rate Fertilizer Spreader with Centrifugal Distribution Cover for Rice Paddy Surface Fertilization

作　　者：施印炎 陈满[2] 汪小旵[1,3] MORICE O O 李成光 丁为民[1,3] SHI Yinyan1 CHEN Man2 WANG Xiaochan1,3 MORICE O O1 LI Chengguang1 DING Weimin1,3(1. College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210031, China 2. Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China 3. Engineering Laboratory of Modern Facility Agriculture Technology and Equipment in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210031, China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学工学院,南京210031 [2]农业部南京农业机械化研究所,南京210014 [3]江苏省现代设施农业技术与装备工程实验室,南京210031

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2018年第3期86-93,113,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0200602-4); 江苏省普通高校研究生科研创新计划项目(KYLX16_1017)

摘　　要：为实现水稻生长周期内区域性实时变量施肥,提高机械化施肥作业效率和肥料利用率,结合水稻施肥农艺特点和近地光谱技术,设计了一种基于传感器的双圆盘离心匀肥罩式水稻地表变量施肥机。对光谱检测装置、决策控制系统、变量执行机构等关键部件进行设计,搭建基于STM32F103核心控制器的反馈系统,结合专家施肥策略响应目标施肥量。以闸口排肥流量A、撒肥圆盘转速B、整机行进速度C为影响因素,颗粒分布变异系数Cv和施肥量相对误差γ为评价指标,设计三因素三水平撒肥性能正交试验。性能试验结果表明:在目标作业幅宽内(24 m),影响Cv主次因素为A、B、C,影响γ主次因素为B、A、C,综合选择较优的工作参数因素水平组合为:A2B2C2,即排肥流量300 g/s,圆盘转速600 r/min,整机行进速度1.2 m/s时,Cv=13.82%,γ=9.54%,整机撒肥性能最优。田间试验结果表明:与性能试验相比,Cv误差均值为9.19%,γ误差均值为9.25%。研究结果表明离心式变量施肥机满足撒肥均匀性和施肥量准确性要求,提高了离心式变量施肥机撒肥性能,为圆盘式撒肥机传统的经验式施肥提供了理论基础。As the requirement advances for improving the working efficiency of mechanized application and the utilization rate of fertilizer,a variable-rate fertilizer spreader with centrifugal distribution cover for rice paddy surface fertilization based on the spectral sensor（ Green SeekerTM） was developed to implement regional real-time variable-rate fertilization during rice growth period combining with the agronomic characteristics of rice fertilizer and near-earth spectroscopy. Spectrum detection device,decision-making and control system,variable-rate actuator and some other key techniques were designed,feedback system based on core controller STM32 F103 was set up,and target application rate was responded united with expert fertilization strategy. Three-factor and three-level orthogonal performance test was carried out with setting feed gate flow rate A,disc rotational speed B and machine ground speed C as the influence factors,particle distribution coefficient of variation Cvand relative error of application rate γ as the evaluation index. By the orthogonal test,it can be known that the importance order of the factors which affected the Cvwas A,B and C,and that affected the γ was B,A and C in the target spreading swath width, the comprehensive choice optimum combination of working parameters was A2 B2 C2,with q = 300 g/s,n = 600 r/min,v1= 1. 2 m/s,and Cv= 13. 82%,and γ = 9. 54%,the fertilizer spreader reached the best working performance. Field tests under optimum combination showed that the average error of Cvand γ was 9. 19% and 9. 25%,respectively,compared with performancetest. The performance of the developed variable-rate fertilizer spreader with centrifugal distribution cover was perfect and satisfied the requirement of uniformity of fertilizer and accuracy of application,which improved the performance of the centrifugal variable-rate fertilizer applicator,and it can provide certain theoretical basis for the traditional empirical fertilization.

关 键 词：变量撒肥 双圆盘 离心式 光谱检测 撒肥性能 

分 类 号：S224.21[农业科学—农业机械化工程] O434.19[农业科学—农业工程]