1980—2017年中国土地资源学发展研究  

Progress and Its Prospects of Land Resources Science in China from 1980 to 2017

作　　者：尤南山 蒙吉军[1,2] 李枫 郭力仁 YOU Nan-shan;MENG Ji-jun;LI Fengl,;GUO Li-ren(College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes of Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学城市与环境学院,北京100871 [2]地表过程分析与模拟教育部重点实验室,北京100871

出　　处：《中国土地科学》2017年第11期4-15,F0002,共13页China Land Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41371097);国土资源事务费项目"土地学科进展与土地科学前沿问题研究"(TD171602-01);中国科协精品期刊工程项目学术质量提升项目--<中国土地科学>(JPQK4-X-043)

摘　　要：研究目的:明确土地资源学核心研究内容和学科地位,系统总结1980—2017年中国土地资源学研究的重要进展,划分土地资源学发展的主要阶段及各个阶段重要成果,指出土地资源学未来研究的方向和重点。研究方法:文献计量法。研究结果:中国土地资源学发展可划分为三个阶段:(1)以土地生产力为核心的起步阶段(1980—1999年),形成了全国和区域尺度的农林牧业适宜性评价与特定作物适宜性评价方法,建立了"中国1∶100万土地资源图"评价体系,提出了城镇土地经济评价和城镇土地分等定级流程,制定了区域土地资源生产力和人口承载力计算方法;(2)以土地可持续利用为核心的上升阶段(2000—2009年),GIS技术在土地适宜性评价中取得了普遍运用,农用地分等定级研究逐步转向实践,土地可持续利用评级体系初步形成;(3)以土地生态为核心的稳定阶段(2010—2017年),土地评价已从单纯的资源或经济评价向资源、社会、经济与生态环境的综合评价转变,土地生态评价成为了土地评价的热点,土地多功能评价框架取得共识。研究结论:土地资源学在未来的发展中应不断完善学科理论体系、解决社会经济发展中的人地矛盾、改进研究问题的方法手段。The goal of this paper is to clarify the key research content and discipline status of land resources science, review the marked progress of land resources science research in China from 1980 to 2017, devide the main stages and summary the important achievements in the development of land resources science, as well as point out its developmental directions and key fields. The method used in the paper is bibliometrics. The results show that the development of land resources science in China can be devided into three stages. 1）The initial stage was characterized by land productivity（1980—1999）; the method of suitability evaluation on farmland, forestland, grassland and specific crops in national and regional scales was proposed; ＂1∶1000000 land resources map in China＂ was made; the procedures of economic eveluation on urban land and urban land classification and gradation were formulated; regional land resources productivity and population carrying capacity were calculated. 2）The growing stage was featured as sustainable land use（2000—2009）; the GIS approach was widely used in suitability evaluation on land resources; the research on agricultural land classification and gradation was transformed into practice; the framework of sustainability evaluation on land use was established. 3）The stable stage was characterized as land ecology（2010—2017）; the resources or economic evaluation was transformed into comprehensive evaluation in aspect of resource, society, economy and environment; land ecological evaluation started focusing on the field of land resources evaluation; the framework of evaluation on multifunctional land use reached a consensus. It is concluded that land resources science should continually develop the discipline theory system, timely solve the contradiction between human and land within social and economic development, and constantly modify the methods and techniques to solve the issues on land resources science.

关 键 词：土地管理 土地资源学 综述 研究进展 展望 中国 

分 类 号：F301.2[经济管理—产业经济]