不同运动方式对老年原发性高血压患者运动能力和认知功能的影响  

Effects of different exercise modes on the exercise capacity and cognitive functioning of elderly persons with hypertension

作　　者：杨照宇 Yang Zhaoyu(Department of Physical Education, Zhengzhou Chenggong University of Finance and Economics, Zhengzhou 451200, Chin)

机构地区：[1]河南郑州成功财经学院体育系,郑州451200

出　　处：《中华物理医学与康复杂志》2018年第3期191-194,共4页Chinese Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation

基　　金：河南省重点科技攻关项目（152102310117）

摘　　要：目的 观察不同运动方式（有氧运动或抗阻训练）对老年原发性高血压患者运动能力和认知功能的影响。 方法 将84例老年原发性高血压患者按随机数字表法分为有氧运动组、抗阻训练组和安静对照组，每组28例，有氧运动组进行有氧运动，抗阻训练组进行抗阻训练，安静对照组保持日常生活习惯不变，实验周期为12周。治疗前后利用递增负荷跑台运动实验测定有氧运动能力［最大摄氧量（VO2max）、力竭时间和力竭距离］,利用等动肌力测试仪［股四头肌最大随意收缩（MVC）］和30s温盖特（Wingate）实验测定无氧运动能力,利用软件测试受试者基本认知能力（知觉速度、心算效率、空间表象、工作记忆、记忆再认和总成绩共6项得分）。 结果 治疗后，有氧运动组VO2max、力竭时间和力竭距离增加（P〈0.05）；抗阻训练组股四头肌MVC及30s温盖特实验中最高功率、平均功率和疲劳指数升高（P〈0.05）；有氧运动和抗阻训练组收缩压和舒张压水平均下降（P〈0.05），认知能力中的知觉速度、工作记忆和总成绩显著提高（P〈0.05），但组间比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）；安静对照组各项指标均无显著性变化（P〉0.05）。 结论 虽然有氧运动和抗阻训练对运动能力的影响存在显著差异，但两者均可有效降低老年高血压患者血压水平并改善认知功能。Objective To observe the effect of aerobic exercise and resistance training on the exercise capacity and cognition of elderly persons with hypertension. Methods Eighty-four elderly persons with essential hypertension were randomly divided into an aerobic exercise （AE） group, a resistance training （RT） group and a sedentary control （SC） group, each of 28. The AE and RT groups received 12 weeks of aerobic exercise or resistance training respectively, while the SC group maintained their normal lifestyles. Before and after the experiment, maximum oxygen uptake （VO2max） and time and distance to exhaustion were evaluated using a treadmill and a 30 s Wingate test. Maximum voluntary contraction （MVC） of the quadriceps femoris was quantified using an isokinetic ergometer. Perception speed, mental arithmetic, spatial imaging, working memory and memory recall were tested using computer software. Results After the intervention, significant increases were observed in the average VO2max and the time and distance to exhaustion of the AE group. The RT group showed significant improvements in the 30 s Wingate test, as well as in their average MVC, peak power, mean power and fatigue index. The average systolic and diastolic pressure was reduced in both groups but the difference was not significant. Average perception speed, working memory and total score in the cognitive function test had however improved significantly in both groups. There was no significant inter-group difference. The SC group showed no significant changes. Conclusion Either aerobic exercise or resistance training can reduce the blood pressure and improve cognition for elderly persons with essential hypertension, though they have significantly different effects on the exercise capacity.

关 键 词：有氧运动 抗阻训练 高血压 运动能力 认知功能 

分 类 号：R544.11[医药卫生—心血管疾病]