人力资本结构高级化与经济增长——兼论东中西部地区差距的形成和缩小  

Human Capital Structure Upgrading and Economic Growth:A Reconsideration of Disparities among China's Eastern,Central and Western Regions

作　　者：刘智勇 李海峥 胡永远[4] 李陈华[1] LIU Zhiyong1, LI Haizhengb, HU Yongyuan and LI Chenhua1(a： Nanjing Audit University; b： Georgia Institute of Technology;c： Nanjing University of Finance and Economic)

机构地区：[1]南京审计大学经济学院 [2]美国佐治亚理工大学经济学院 [3]中央财经大学 [4]南京财经大学公共管理学院

出　　处：《经济研究》2018年第3期50-63,共14页Economic Research Journal

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(11BJL066;12BJL045);国家自然科学基金项目(71573136;71673133);江苏省"青蓝工程"资助

摘　　要：以初级人力资本向高级人力资本演进为特征的人力资本结构高级化,能够通过推动技术结构升级和产业结构升级对经济增长产生重要的促进作用。构建考虑各层次人力资本相对变化的人力资本结构高级化指数,并采用动态面板模型的实证研究支持了这一假说。在此基础上,通过对比分析人力资本结构高级化等因素差异对东中西地区差距的影响,发现相对于人力资本存量等其他因素,人力资本结构高级化能更好地解释东中西部地区差距。其政策含义是,政府从单纯注重提升人力资本存量转向促进人力资本结构高级化,并通过重点调控小学、初中、高等教育程度人力资本缩小其地区差异,是新常态下推动经济快速协调发展的又一着力点。Summary： Since the 1978 economic reform, China＇s economy has grown rapidly. Meanwhile, the human capital structure has experienced drastic changes. One feature of these changes is the reduction in low-education human capital and the increase in high-education human capital. Such a change raises many interesting questions for both research and policy. Has the human capital structure change characterized by increasing higher education attainment promoted economic growth？ Of the human capital structure upgrade and the total human capital stock increase, which is more important for economic development？ Can human capital structure upgrading help explain regional disparity？ In this study, we explore these questions using provincial-level panel data from China. It is generally believed that heterogeneous human capital may differ in its contributions to economic growth. Moreover, human capital appears to have downward compatibility （ i. e. , high-level human capital can substitute for low-level human capital, but not vice versa）. In this study, we define human capital structure upgrading as the process of a country or region improving its human capital structure and moving from human capital with low-level education to higher-level education. Modern economic growth depends on technological innovation, which relies on quality human capital. As a result, the rising share of advanced human capital and declining share of primary human capital in the structure of a country＇s human capital should play a key role in its economic development. In general, technology advancement and industry structure improvement are important determinants of economic development. Human capital structure upgrading will affect innovation and the adoption of new technology, and help guide changes in industrial structure to achieve the optimal match with technology progress. Therefore, the process provides a channel through which human capital structure upgrading, characterized by moving from low-quality to high-quality human capit

关 键 词：人力资本结构高级化 经济增长 地区差异 

分 类 号：F127[经济管理—世界经济] F249.27