评汤若望眼中的中西勾股术  

Criticism on Chinese and Western Gougu Rule in the Eyes of Johann Adam Schall von Bell

作　　者：李雨林 邓可卉[1] LI Yulin,DENG Kehui(College of Humanities, Donghua University, Shanghai 200050, Chin)

机构地区：[1]东华大学人文学院,上海200050

出　　处：《咸阳师范学院学报》2018年第2期13-17,共5页Journal of Xianyang Normal University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(11373016)

摘　　要：汤若望在《新法历引》中对中西勾股术进行对比,认为中国传统勾股术远不及西方的几何学。中国传统勾股从《周髀算经》和《九章算术》开始,经历数百年发展,到宋金元时期达到最高峰,取得了辉煌的成就,但在明代停滞不前。随着西方三角学知识的传入,中国传统勾股术发展发生变化,尤其对清代学者的研究影响极大。通过梳理中国勾股术发展,并结合西学东渐的社会背景,分析汤若望眼中的中西勾股术差异,对他的观点进行评述并寻找原因。Johann Adam Schall von Bell compared Chinese Gou-gu theorem and Western Pythago- rean theorem in Xinfaliyin （《新法历引》）, and came to the conclusion that the former is quite inferior to the latter. Traditional Chinese Gou-gu theroem started from Zhoubisuanjing （《周髀算经》） and The Jiuzhangsuanshu （《九章算术》）, culminated in Song Jin Yuan Dynasty after hundreds of years of develop- ment, and achieved greatly. However, it reached a plateau in the Ming Dynasty. With the introduction of Western trigonometry into China, the traditional Chinese Gou-gu theorem changed, which had a strong impact upon researchers in the Qing Dynasty. By combing through the development of Chinese Gou-gu theorem, and taking into consideration the social background of the eastward transmission of Western sciences, this article analyzes the differences between Chinese Gou-gu theroem and Western Pythagorean theorem in Johann Adam Schall yon Bell＇ s eyes, which makes a comment on his opinions and tries to find out why he developed such opinions.

关 键 词：汤若望 《新法历引》 勾股术 三角学 

分 类 号：N09[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]