2016年合肥市诺如病毒聚集性和暴发疫情流行病学特征  

Epidemiological characteristics of clusters epidemic and outbreaks of norovirus in Hefei City in 2016

作　　者：芮芳[1] 张磊[2] RUI Fang1,ZHANG Lei2(1 .Medical Department of Hefei Vocational and Technical College, Hefei Anhui, 238000, China; 2.Department of Health Emergency Management, Hefei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei Anhui, 230061, Chin)

机构地区：[1]合肥职业技术学院医学分院,安徽合肥238000 [2]合肥市疾病预防控制中心应急管理办公室,安徽合肥230061

出　　处：《职业与健康》2018年第2期241-244,共4页Occupation and Health

基　　金：校级科学研究项目(201814KJA012);安徽省教育厅高等学校质量工程项目精品视频公开课程<母婴保健>(2016gkk029);安徽省教育厅高等学校质量工程项目助产专业综合改革试点(2014zy133)

摘　　要：目的分析2016年合肥市诺如病毒聚集性和暴发疫情的流行病学特征,为采取防控措施提供参考。方法分析2016年合肥市诺如病毒聚集性和暴发疫情的调查报告。结果共报告处置11起疫情,总病例251例,罹患率2.44%。实验室确诊率20.32%,隐性感染率21.43%。9起疫情主要发生在1—3和11—12月。疫情均发生在幼儿园和学校,以幼儿园居多(54.55%)。4类学校的罹患率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=245.342,P<0.01)。主要症状有呕吐(66.93%)、腹泻(56.18%)、腹痛(39.04%)和恶心(31.08%),呕吐随着年龄的增大呈下降趋势(χ~2_(趋势)=42.256,P<0.01),腹泻和恶心则反之。肛拭子检出率最高(59.49%)。不同类型样本的检出率差异有统计学意义(Fisher’s检验=36.685,P<0.01)。疫情平均持续时间4.64 d,首发病例报告时间间隔平均为3.73 d。短期共同来源暴露为主(72.73%)。接触是主要的传播途径,无水源传播。结论 2016年合肥市诺如病毒疫情均发生在学校和幼儿园,有明显的季节性,接触为主的多种传播途径并存。应加强疫情监测,提高学校传染病防控意识,早发现、早报告和及时处置。[Objective]To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of clusters epidemic and outbreaks of norovirus in Hefei City in 2016,provide a reference for prevention and control.[Methods] The investigation reports of clusters epidemic and outbreaks of norovirus in Hefei City in 2016 were analyzed.[Results] A total of 11 clusters epidemic and outbreaks were reported,involving 251 cases,and the attack rate was 2.44%.20.23% of cases were confirmed by laboratory testing.The recessive infection rate was 21.43%.9 clusters epidemic and outbreaks occurred during January-March and November-December.All occurred in schools and kindergartens,mainly in kindergartens（54.55%）.The difference in attack rate was statistically significant among four types of teaching unit（χ^2=245.342,P〈0.01）.Vomiting（69.93%）,diarrhea（56.18%）,abdominal pain（39.04%） and nausea（31.08%） were the dominant symptoms.The rate of vomiting showed a downward trend with the growth of age（χtrend^2 =42.256,P〈0.01）,while the rates of diarrhea and nausea were opposite.The detection rate of anal swab was the highest（59.49%）.The difference in detection rate was statistically significant among different types of samples（Fisher＇s test =36.685,P〈0.01）.The median interval of the lasting time of clusters and outbreaks was 4.64 days,and the median interval of initial case onset to report was 3.73 days.72.73% of clusters and outbreaks were caused by short common exposures.The contact was the main transmitted route.There were no water-borne clusters and outbreaks.[Conclusion] All clusters epidemic and outbreaks of norovirus in Hefei City have occurred in schools and kindergartens in 2016,with obvious seasonality.There coexist a variety of transmission routes,which is dominated by contact.It is necessary to strengthen epidemic surveillance,improve the awareness of prevention and control of infectious diseases in schools,and implement early detection,early report and timely disposal.

关 键 词：诺如病毒 聚集性疫情 暴发疫情 流行病学 

分 类 号：R183.7[医药卫生—流行病学]