中部贫困地区中小学生超重和肥胖状况及饮食行为调查  

Overweight and obesity and eating behaviors among primary and high school students in poor rural areas of Central China

作　　者：李菁菁[1] 欧阳英英[1] 程茅伟[1] 戴诗玙 张弛[1] 彭飞[1] 龚晨睿[1] LI Jing-jing, OUYANG Ying-ying, CHENG Mao-wei, et al(Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Health Surveillance, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430079, Chin)

机构地区：[1]湖北省疾病预防控制中心卫生监测所营养与食品安全部,湖北武汉430079

出　　处：《中国公共卫生》2018年第3期361-364,共4页Chinese Journal of Public Health

基　　金：达能营养中心膳食研究与宣教基金(DIC2013-04)

摘　　要：目的了解中部贫困地区中小学生超重肥胖状况及饮食行为,为有针对性制定相应措施提供科学依据。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法,于2014年5—6月从鄂东北、鄂中、鄂西北、鄂西南贫困农村地区抽取8个县(市)共32所中小学的5 942名中小学生作为研究对象,进行身高、体重测量;同时从研究对象中抽取所有小学四、五年级和初中一、二年级学生共计2 569人进行问卷调查。结果小学生和初中生超重肥胖检出率分别为8.18%、7.20%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),其中小学生肥胖检出率(2.89%)高于初中生(1.84%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。男生和女生超重肥胖检出率分别为9.32%、6.33%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。中小学生甜点、汽水饮料、油炸食物、西式快餐的年均食用频次均较高;通常食用的零食中,以蔬菜水果,纯牛奶、酸奶等,饼干、面包等,面制小食品,干脆面、方便面等,各种饮料,膨化食品和糖果、巧克力等所占比例较高,分别为71.87%、69.22%、77.78%、57.73%、65.23%、52.08%、52.01%和50.99%;中小学生中几乎不喝饮料的比例为26.33%,所饮用的饮料中,碳酸饮料饮用比例为43.40%。结论中部贫困地区中小学生超重和肥胖检出率呈上升趋势,应予以关注,同时采取积极措施控制贫困地区学生超重肥胖的进一步流行。Objective To examine the prevalence of overweight and obesity and eating behaviors among primary and high school students in poor rural areas of Central China, and to provide evidences for making intervention measures. Methods A total of 5 942 students were selected from 32 primary and high schools in 8 counties in poor rural areas of northeastern, central, northwestern, and southwestern Hubei province with stratified cluster sampling. Height and weight measurements were conducted among all the participants and a questionnaire survey among 2 569 primary school students of grade four and five and junior high school students of grade one and two from May to June, 2014. Results The prevalence rate of overweight/obesity in the primary and high school students was 8.18% and 7.20%, respectively, without significant difference （P 〉 0.05）; the detection rate of obesity was significantly higher in primary school students than that in high school students （2.89% vs. 1.84%, P 〈 0.05）. The detection rate of overweight/obesity was significantly higher among the boy students than among the girl students （9.32% vs. 6.33%, P 〈 0.01）. The annual average consumption frequency of dessert, soft drinks, fried food, and western-style fast food were at a high level in the students. Among the snacks commonly consumed by the students, the proportion was 71.87% for vegetables and fruits, 69.22% for milk and yogurt, 77.78% for biscuits and bread, 57.73% for flour-made pot foods, 65.23% for crispy and instant noodle, 52.08% for various drinks, 52.01% for puffed food, and 50.99% for candy and chocolate, respectively. The self reported proportion of hardly ever consuming beverages was only 26.33% among the students. Of all the drinks consumed by the students, 43.40% were carbonated beverages. Conclusion The prevalence rate of overweight and obesity are increasing over time among primary and high school students in poor areas of Central China; concerns and intervention measures should be taken to control the prevalence of ove

关 键 词：贫困地区 中小学生 超重肥胖 饮食行为 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]