母亲心理状态和家庭结构对幼儿社会性情绪发展的影响  

Effect of maternal psychological status and family structure on social emotional development of toddlers

作　　者：孙萍[1] 曲云霞[1] 张策[1] 张红[1] Sun Ping, Qu Yunxia, Zhang Ce, Zhang Hong(Department of Discipline Construction and Scientific Research Management, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116027, Chin)

机构地区：[1]大连医科大学附属第二医院学科建设与科研管理部,116027

出　　处：《中华全科医师杂志》2018年第4期286-290,共5页Chinese Journal of General Practitioners

基　　金：大连市医学科学研究计划项目（2016026）;大连市政府购买社会服务项目（2016A39）

摘　　要：目的了解幼儿社会性情绪发展的现况及母亲心理状态和家庭结构对孩子的影响。方法2016年1月16-2013采用整群随机抽样的方法在大连市高新园区幼儿园抽取1～3岁其主要照顾者为母亲的50名幼儿，通过一般状况调查表、幼儿社会性情绪发展评估量表、症状自评量表对家长和幼儿进行调查，比较母亲不同情绪状态、不同文化水平及家庭类型对幼儿社会性情绪的影响。结果50名幼儿中外化行为、内化行为、失调行为和反应行为阳性率分别为24％（12／50）、14％（7／50）、20％（10／50）和22％（11／50）。文化水平为高中及以上母亲的强迫和焦虑因子得分均高于初中文化者（F值分别为6．488、5．834，P值分别为0．046、0．010）；根据母亲情绪体验分为愉快组与不愉快组，不愉快组母亲强迫、人际关系、抑郁、焦虑4个分量表得分高于愉快组母亲（t值分别为7．812、3．860、5．871、6．843，均P〈0．05）。母亲情绪不愉快组与愉快组比较，其幼儿的外化行为、内化行为和失调行为异常率均高[分别为42％（10／24）比8％（2／26）、25％（6／24）比4％（1／26）、33％（8／24）比8％（2／26），χ2值分别为10．667、0．000、7．200，均P〈0．05]。文化水平为初中、高中和本科的母亲，其幼儿外化行为阳性率（分别为8／15、3／17、1／18）比较差异有统计学意义（F=9．757，P〈0．05）。来自单亲家庭、联合家庭、直系家庭、核心家庭的幼儿反应能力阳性率分别为3／5、1／4、25％（7／28）、0（F=8．134，P=0．026），差异有统计学意义。结论母亲情绪不愉快组幼儿外化行为、内化行为及失调行为异常率高，单亲家庭、联合家庭、直系家庭幼儿反应能力异常率高于核心家庭。Objective To investigate the effect of maternal psychological status and family structure on the social emotional development of toddlers. Methods The study was conducted in January 2016, 50 toddlers aged 12 to 36 months from one kindergarten in Dalian were selected with cluster random sampling. The parents of toddlers were interviewed, and the questionnaire for background condition, the socialemotional assessment scale for children and SCL-90 for maternal psychological status were applied. The effect of maternal psychological status and family structure on the social-emotion development of toddlers was analyzed. Results The positive rates of externalizing, internalizing, deregulation and competence in 50 toddlers were 24% （ 12/50 ）, 14% （7/50）, 20% （ 10/50 ） and 22% （ 11/50 ）, respectively. The scores of obsession and anxiety in high school and college graduate mother group were higher than junior high school group（F=6. 488,5. 834, all P 〈0. 05 ） . The scores of obsession, interpersonal relationship, depression and anxiety in unhappy mother group were higher than those in happy mother group （t = 7. 812,3. 860, 5. 871,6. 843,all P 〈 0. 05 ）. Compared to happy mother group, the abnormality rates of externalizing behavior [42% （ 10/24）vs. 8% （2/26） ,χ2 = 10. 667, P =0. 001 ], internalization behavior [25% （6/24） vs. 4% （1/26） ,χ2 =0. 000,P =0. 008] and behavior disorder [33% （8/24）vs. 8% （2/26） χ2 =7. 200, P = 0. 007 ] were significantly higher in unhappy mother group. There were significant differences in positive rate of externalized behavior among mothers with different educational levels （junior high school, high school and college graduate） （8/15, 3/17 and 1/18, F = 9. 757 ,P 〈 0. 05）. There were significant differences inrespond ability of children among families with different structure （ single-parent family, joint family, direct family and nuclear family） （3/5, 1/4, 7/28 and 0/13, F = 8. 134, P = 0. 026 ）. Conclusion The abnormal rate

关 键 词：情绪 幼儿 母亲 家庭 

分 类 号：B844.12[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学]