咸水灌溉棉田休耕期土壤胞外酶活性和微生物多样性研究  

Extracellular enzyme activity and microbial diversity of saline-irrigated cotton field soil during the fallow period

作　　者：梁悦萍 李科江[3] 张俊鹏 王广帅[1] 高阳[1] 孙景生[1] 段爱旺[1] LIANG Yue-piug;LI Ke-jiang;ZHANG Jun-peng;WANG Guang-shuai;GAO Yang;SUN Jing-sheng;DUAN Ai-wang(Key Laboratory for Crop Water Requirement and Regulation of the Ministry of Agriculture, Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinses Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China;Institute of Dryland Farming, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Hengshui 053000, China;College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai＇ an 271000, China;Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricuhural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所/农业部作物需水与调控重点实验室,河南新乡453002 [2]中国农业科学院研究生院,北京100081 [3]河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所,河北衡水053000 [4]山东农业大学水利土木工程学院,山东泰安271000

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2018年第4期732-740,共9页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51609248);国家现代棉花产业技术体系专项经费(CARS-15-13);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费(CAASFIRI2017-06)

摘　　要：为探究淡水资源短缺不断加剧背景下,咸水灌溉对农田土壤胞外酶活性和微生物群落多样性的影响,以河北低平原区不同矿化度咸水灌溉棉田为研究对象,利用荧光底物-微平板法和Biolog ECO微平板法,探究了咸水灌溉棉田休耕期土壤微生物多样性特征和胞外酶活性状况。结果表明:不同矿化度咸水灌溉对多数土壤胞外酶活性和土壤微生物群落均产生了显著的影响。随着灌溉水矿化度的增加,α葡萄糖苷酶活性、纤维素二糖酶活性、磷酸酶活性及β木糖苷酶活性均呈显著下降的趋势,而N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶活性却呈现增加的趋势,β葡萄糖苷酶活性则基本不受影响。咸水灌溉改变了土壤微生物对碳源的利用能力,当灌溉水矿化度较低时,土壤盐分对微生物活性具有一定的刺激作用,能够增加微生物对不同碳源的代谢能力;但当灌溉水的矿化度大于6 g·L-1时,土壤盐分对微生物活性具有较强的抑制作用。研究表明,棉花生长季实施的咸水灌溉对休耕期土壤微生物特征以及胞外酶活性产生较大影响,休耕期土壤胞外酶活性和微生物多样性研究对于咸水灌溉土壤健康状况全面精准评价不容缺失。The use of saline water for agricultural irrigation is an economical and promising strategy for alleviating regional water scarcity. Therefore, the development of methods for evaluating the suitability of saline water for farmland irrigation is of great urgency. We used the fluorescence microplate method and Biology ECO system to compare the use of extracellular enzyme activity and microbial activity to evaluate soil health along a gradient of irrigation water salinity（0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 g·L^-1） in a fallow cotton field in the Hebei Low Plain. The results showed that saline water irrigation significantly influenced most of the soil extracellular enzyme activities, and increases in the irrigation water salinity significantly reduced the activities of α-glucosidase, cellulase, phosphatase, and β-xylosidase, but increased the activity of N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase. The movements of β-glucosidase were not influenced by the brackish water. However, the ability of soil microorganisms to utilize carbon sources was altered by irrigation with saline water. Low-salt irrigation water（2 g· L^-1） stimulated the mi- crobial activity of the soil by increasing AWCD by 80%, but under higher salt concentrations（〉 6 g· L^-1）, the ability of microorganisms to use carbon sources was restricted significantly. The irrigation of the cotton field with saline water had an immense impact on the characteris- tics of soil microorganisms and on the activity of extracellular enzymes during the fallow period. To accurately evaluate soil health, future studies should measure extracellular enzyme activity and microbial diversity during the fallow period.

关 键 词：咸水/微咸水灌溉 荧光底物微平板法 BIOLOG ECO微平板 土壤健康状况 河北低平原区 

分 类 号：S154[农业科学—土壤学]