价值多元论与价值相对主义之辨——兼论列奥·施特劳斯对自由主义导致相对主义和虚无主义的批判  

Value pluralism and value relativism

作　　者：刘晓洲[1] 

机构地区：[1]财政部综合司,北京100820

出　　处：《东南大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2018年第2期22-30,共9页Journal of Southeast University(Philosophy and Social Science)

摘　　要：施特劳斯认为当代自由主义抛弃了自然正当观念,试图将自身建立在价值相对主义的基础上,这一做法必将导致虚无主义的严重后果。然而,施特劳斯所批评的价值相对主义是韦伯版本的"价值多神论",并不是自由主义版本的价值多元论。自由主义的价值多元论认为,存在着多元的异质性的善,在不同的善之间进行选择有时可能是艰难的,但好与坏、善与恶之间的分野是客观的,并可以进行理性地辩护。价值多元论或者说善的多元论不等于相对主义和虚无主义,而是对我们生活的世界中丰富多彩的多元价值的承认,体现着对自由和个性的尊重以及包容性国家的自信。Leo Strauss stated that modern liberalism ended up in nihilism on the ground that it abandoned the idea of natural right and based itself on value relativism. However,the value relativism Strauss was referring to was Max Weber's value polytheism but not the liberal version of value pluralism. The latter believes that there is a clear-cut boundary between good and evil though it might be hard to choose among many types of good. Value pluralism or pluralism of goodness is by no means relativism or nihilism but a recognition of plurality of values,which shows the respect for freedom and individuality and also the confidence of a nation of inclusiveness.

关 键 词：价值多元论 价值相对主义 自由主义 列奥·施特劳斯 马克斯·韦伯 以赛亚·伯林 

分 类 号：B82-02[哲学宗教—伦理学]