哈尔滨市学生常见病及健康危险因素调查分析  

Investigation and Analysis of Common Diseases and Health Risk Factors Among Students in Harbin City

作　　者：张振峰[1] 杨超[1] 高飞[2] 邓美荣[1] 高鹏 刘矣航[1] 李晶[1] 林霞 ZHANG Zhen-feng YANG Chao;GAO Fei(Harbin Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150056, China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨市疾病预防控制中心,黑龙江哈尔滨150056 [2]黑龙江省疾病预防控制中心,黑龙江哈尔滨150030 [3]哈尔滨市中小学卫生保健所,黑龙江哈尔滨150080 [4]黑龙江省卫生计生宣教中心,黑龙江哈尔滨150001

出　　处：《黑龙江医学》2018年第2期156-158,161,共4页Heilongjiang Medical Journal

摘　　要：目的了解和掌握哈尔滨市学生视力不良、龋齿、肥胖等常见病的检出情况及饮食、运动等行为习惯,为选择健康干预措施提供科学依据。方法通过随机抽样方法,对哈尔滨市2个城区和1个郊县的13所学校3 120名学生开展问卷调查,数据进行统计分析。结果视力不良68.11%、龋齿35.13%、肥胖16.38%,位列哈市学生常见病的前三位。学生视力不良检出率:城区高于郊县(χ2=16.412,P<0.01),女生高于男生(χ2=41.839,P<0.01),不同学校类型间差异有统计学意义(χ2=287.217,P<0.01);学生肥胖检出率男生高于女生(χ2=34.840,P<0.01),不同学校类型间差异有统计学意义(χ2=57.538,P<0.01)。调查结果显示,过去7日内,饮用2~6次含糖饮料的学生比例占31.02%,性别与饮用含糖饮料次数比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=25.660,P<0.01);偶尔进行高等强度运动的学生比例最高,占49.97%,女生高于男生(χ2=13.156,P<0.01)。结论哈尔滨市学生常见病检出率仍处于较高水平,存在饮食、运动行为等不健康的行为习惯。建议研究有效的干预措施,对学生实施干预,促进学生的健康。Objective To understand and grasp the prevalence of poor eyesight,dental caries,obesity and other common diseases,their diet,exercise and other behavioral habitsof students in Harbin City,to provide scientific basis for taking health intervention measures. Method Random sampling method was used to carry out a survey on 3120 students of 13 schools in 2 districts and 1 county of Harbin City,and data were analyzed statistically. Results Poor eyesight,caries and obesity（ 16. 38%,35. 13% and 68. 11%） ranked the top three common diseases of students in Harbin City. The detection rate of poor eyesight of students in city is higher than the suburban district（ χ2= 16. 412,P〈0. 01）,and that of girls is higher than boys（ χ2= 41. 839,P〈0. 01）. There are significant differences between different school types（ χ2= 287. 217,P〈0. 01）. The detection rate of obese in boys is higher than girls（ χ2=34. 840,P〈0. 01）. There are significant differences among different types of schools（ χ2= 57. 538,P〈0. 01）. Survey also shows that,in the past 7 days. The proportion of students,who drink 2 ~ 6 times of sugary drinks,accounts for 31. 02%,and there are significant differences between genders and the number of drinks containing sugar（ χ2= 25. 660, P〈0. 01）. The proportion of students who have occasional higher intensity exercise is the highest,accounting for 49. 97%,and the female students are higher than boys（ χ2= 13. 156,P〈0. 01）. Conclusion Common disease detection rate of students in Harbin City remains at a high level. Diet,exercise,and so on are unhealthy diseases. It is suggested that effective intervention measures should be taken to intervene the students so as to promote their health.

关 键 词：学生 常见病 健康危险因素 

分 类 号：G637.8[文化科学—教育学]