水生植物群落对水华藻类的化感抑制研究  

Studies on Allelopathic Inhibition of Aquatic Plant Communities to Algal Bloom

作　　者：邢春玉[1] 吴运刚 乔镜澄[1] 张妍[1] XING Chunyu;WU Yungang;QIAO Jingcheng;ZHANG Yan(Tianjin Tianshi College, Tianjin 301700, China)

机构地区：[1]天津天狮学院,天津301700

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2018年第3期35-41,共7页Environmental Science & Technology

摘　　要：选择5种高等水生植物水芹(Oenanthe javanica)、菖蒲(Acorus calamus)、水蕴草(Elodea densa)、穗状狐尾藻(Myriophyllum spicatum)、黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata),构建3种不同类型的水生植物群落,A:菖蒲+穗状狐尾藻+水蕴草;B:水芹+穗状狐尾藻+黑藻;C:水芹+水蕴草+黑藻。研究3种群落种植水对水华鱼腥藻(Anabaena flos-aquae)和铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)的化感抑制作用。结果表明:3种群落7 d、14 d、21 d种植水均显著降低水华鱼腥藻和铜绿微囊藻的细胞浓度和叶绿素a含量(P<0.05),表明水生植物能够通过不断向水体中释放化感物质来有效地抑制藻类的生长。对水华鱼腥藻的抑制,群落A与B、B与C差异极显著(P<0.01),群落A与C差异不显著(P>0.05),对铜绿微囊藻的抑制3种群落间存在极显著差异(P<0.01)。从对2种藻的抑制效果来看,群落A表现出较好的抑藻效果,7 d、14 d和21 d种植水对水华鱼腥藻的抑制率分别为74.59%、85.50%和84.38%,对铜绿微囊藻的抑制率分别为73.59%、80.46%和89.49%。3种植物群落释放的化感物质可以显著降低2种藻的叶绿素a含量,表明植物释放的化感物质可以通过破坏藻类的光合系统来控制其生长。Five species of aquatic macrophytes：including Oenanthe javanic, Acorus calamus, Elodea densa, Myriophyllum spicatum and Hydrilla verticillata were chosen to construct three types of aquatic plants communities for a laboratory experiment：（A）A. calamus＋M. spicatum＋ E. densa;（B）O. javanica＋ M. spicatum ＋ H. verticillata;（C）O. javanica＋ E. densa＋ H.verticillata. Then three samples of water in which the above-mentioned aquatic plants communities had been cultured（each for 7 d, 14 d, and 21 d） were used to study the allelopathic inhibitory effects on the growth of A. flos-aquae and M.aeruginosa,respectively. Results of the study showed that all the water samples in which plants communities were cultured（7 d,14 d and21 d, respectively） significantly reduced algal cell concentrations and chlorophylla content of A.flos-aquae and M.aeruginosa（P0.05）, which indicated that the aquatic plants were able to inhibit the growth of algae effectively by releasing the allelochemicals into the water. However, the inhibitive effects on A. flos-aquae notably differed（P0.01） between communities（A） and（B）, as well as between（B） and（C）, but there were few difference between（A） and（C）（P0.05）;as to the inhibition to M. aeruginosa, the three communities differed very much（P0.01）：Community（A） behaved better than the other two communities.Furthermore, the rates of inhibition to A. flos-aquae of the water in which the plants communities being cultured for 7 d,14 d and 21 d were 74.59%, 85.50% and 84.38%, respectively; the rates of inhibition to M. aeruginosa were respectively73.59%, 80.46% and 89.49%; and the chemical substances released from the three plant communities could reduce the chlorophyll a content in terms of two species of algae. In conclusion, the experiment suggested that the chemical substances released by the aquatic plants may control the algae growth by disrupting the photosynthetic system of algae.

关 键 词：水生植物群落 水华鱼腥藻 铜绿微囊藻 化感作用 

分 类 号：X173[环境科学与工程—环境科学]