3种植物精油熏蒸处理对油桃保鲜效果的影响  

Effect of Three Essential Oils on the Storage and Preservation of Postharvest Nectarine Fruits

作　　者：王靖博 张敏 董睿 吴华 冯俊涛 张兴 WANG Jingbo;ZHANG Min;DONG Rui;WU Hua;FENG Juntao;ZHANG Xing(Research ＆ Development Center of Bioration Pesticide, Northwest A＆F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100;Shaanxt Research Center of Btopesttctde Technology ＆ Engmeermg, Yanghng Shaanxi 712100)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学无公害农药研究服务中心,陕西杨凌712100 [2]陕西省生物农药工程技术研究中心,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《核农学报》2018年第5期933-940,共8页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2015BAD16B00);陕西省攻关项目(2014BA462B)

摘　　要：为探明香榧假种皮精油、枇杷叶精油和佛手精油熏蒸处理对采后油桃的保鲜效果,以中油四号油桃为试材,采用密闭容器熏蒸法研究3种植物精油对油桃采后主要致病菌的抑制作用及对其感官品质、生理生化的影响。结果表明,香榧假种皮精油可有效抑制灰霉病菌、根霉病菌菌丝的生长,其EC50值均低于枇杷叶精油和佛手精油处理,分别为81.672μL·L^(-1)和209.131μL·L^(-1)。在200μL·L^(-1)浓度下,与枇杷叶精油和佛手精油处理相比,香榧假种皮精油熏蒸处理可有效降低油桃采后的腐烂,于25℃贮藏10 d后腐烂指数较对照降低了63.73%,并且仍能较好地维持失重率和硬度,诱导果实中过氧化物酶(POD)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)及过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的升高,抑制丙二醛(MDA)含量的积累,对果实可溶性固形物(SSC)、可滴定酸(TA)和抗坏血酸(Vc)含量等指标均无明显影响。综上所述,香榧假种皮精油熏蒸处理能够抑制采后油桃品质的下降,延缓后熟衰老和腐烂发生,具有进一步开发成果蔬保鲜剂的潜力。To investigate the effects of 3 essential oils fumigation treatment on the storage of postharvest nectarine,the closed container fumigation method was used to measure the inhibitory effect of 3 essential oils on the main pathogens,and the sensory quality and physiological and biochemical indexes of nectarines（ CN No. 4）. These essential oils were from aril of torreya grandis aril,leaf of loquat and fruit of bergamot fruits. The results showed that essential oil from aril of torreya grandis could effectively inhibit mycelial growth of gray mold and root mold with an EC50 value lower than that of the other two essential oils with 81. 672 μL·L^-1 and 209. 131 μL·L^-1 for leaf loquat and bergamot fruit essential oil,respectively. At the concentration of 200 μL·L^-1,fumigation of the essential oil from aril of torreya grandis can effectively reduce the decayed extent of nectarine stored at 25℃ for 10 days with the decay index reduced by 63. 73%,compared with the other two essential oils. The essential oil from aril of torreya grandis can also make the nectarine maintain a good weight loss rate and hardness induce the increase of peroxidase（ POD）,polyphenol oxidase（ PPO）,superoxide dismutase（ SOD）,and catalase（ CAT） activity,and inhibit the accumulation of malondialdehyde（ MDA） in fruit. Simultaneously,there was no significant difference on the indexes of soluble solids content（ SSC）,titratable acid（ TA） and vitamin c（ Vc） under this concentration compared with other two essential oils. In conclusion,the fumigation treatment of essential oil from aril of torreya grandis was able to prevent the decline of postharvest nectarine quality,and this essential oil has the potential to be further developed as a fruit and vegetable preservative.

关 键 词：香榧假种皮精油 熏蒸 油桃 保鲜 

分 类 号：TS255.3[轻工技术与工程—农产品加工及贮藏工程]