医生和护士心理健康及影响因素分析  

Analyzing the mental health status and its impact factors among female nurses in China

作　　者：童延 蒋兆强[1] 张艺潇 贾君麟 陆玮 王晶[1] 唐慧娟[1] 张敏[1] 郭心念 李涛[1] 蒋海瑛[2] 俞文兰[3] 楼建林[1] Tong Yan;Jiang Zhaoqiang;Zhang Yixiao;Jia Junlin;Lu Wei;Wang Jing;Tang Huijuan;Zhang Min;Guo Xinnian;Li Tao;Jiang Haiying;Yu Wenlan;Lou Jianlin(Zhejiang Academy of Medical Science, Institute of Occupational Diseases, Zhejiang, ttangzhou 310013 China)

机构地区：[1]浙江省医学科学院职业病防治研究所,杭州310013 [2]浙江省医学科学院药物研究所 [3]中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所

出　　处：《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》2018年第2期115-118,共4页Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases

基　　金：国家妇女健康（生殖健康和心理健康）调查项目（FH20151101）;浙江省医药卫生科技计划项目（2016KYB068）;浙江省重大科技专项重点社会发展项目（2014C03030）;浙江省医学支撑学科-劳动卫生学（11-ZC02）

摘　　要：目的分析医生和护士的心理健康状况及影响因素，为改善护士心理健康提供参考。方法2016年3至10月，选择15个省份的13 425名18-65岁的女性医生和护士人员为研究对象，采用妇女健康调查项目统一编制的问卷进行调查，心理健康部分采用症状自评量表（SCL-90），以医生为对照人群，分析护士的心理健康状况及影响因素。结果与医生比较，护士在收入、年龄、学历和职业因素（轮班、工作负荷大、加班）上均有明显差异，护士人群SCL-90各维度的阳性率均明显高于医生（P〈0.05）。护士的主要心理健康问题表现为强迫症状、抑郁症状、躯体化。多因素分析结果可见，轮班工作、工作负荷大、加班对护士的SCL-90总均分阳性率有明显的不良影响（P〈0.01）。结论护士人群心理健康问题明显高于医生，主要原因为职业层次低以及工作负荷大、轮班工作等不良工作方式，医疗卫生行政机构和医院管理部门应该重视护士的心理健康，通过各种途径改善其心理健康状况。ObjectiveTo analyze the mental health status and its impact factors among nurses,finding ways to improve the mental health of nurses.MethodsA total of 13 425 female healthcare workers aged from 18 to 65 were selected as study objects.The survey was conducted with unified design questionnaire.The survey included the basic situation of the individuals and SCL-90 questionnaire.Comparing the female doctors,the mental health status and its impact factors of nurses were analyzed.ResultsThe income,age,education and occupation,which include shift work,heavy work load and overtime work are different between nurses and doctors.The main mental health problems of nurses were obsessive-compulsive symptoms,depressive symptoms and somatization.The results of univariate analysis indicated that shift work,overtime work,and heavy work load affected the positive rate of each factor.The results of multivariate analysis showed that occupation,shift work,overtime work,and heavy work load have significant adverse effects on the positive rate of the total score in female healthcare workers（P〈0.01）.The positive rate of each dimension of SCL-90 in nurses is significantly higher than that of doctors.ConclusionThe mental health problems of nurses are significantly higher than doctors.The main reasons are low occupational level and adverse workstyles which include shift work,heavy workload and so on.Health administration and hospital management departments should pay much more attention to the mental health of nurses,improving their mental health through a variety of ways.

关 键 词：护士 心理健康 SCL-90(症状自评量表) 流行病学研究 

分 类 号：R192[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]