元宝枫种子含油率与脂肪酸组分株间变异及单株选择  

Variation of seed oil content and fatty acid components amongdifferent individuals in Acer truncatum

作　　者：乔谦[1] 丰震[1] 任红剑 安凯[1] 杜晓茜[1] 许超[1] 张林[2] 孙忠奎 QIAO Qian;FENG Zhen;REN Hong-jian;AN Kai;DU Xiao-xi;XU Chao;Zhang Lin;Sun Zhongkui(College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai＇an 271018, Shandong, China;Taishan Forestry Science Institute, Tai＇an 271000, Shandong, China;Tai＇an Shidai Technology Development, Limited Company, Tai＇an 271000, Shandong, China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学林学院,山东泰安271018 [2]泰安市泰山林业科学研究院,山东泰安271000 [3]泰安时代园林科技开发有限公司,山东泰安2710000

出　　处：《中南林业科技大学学报》2018年第2期76-82,共7页Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology

基　　金：中央财政林业科技推广示范资金项目"元宝枫新品种苗木繁育及推广"(2016LKT17号);山东省农业良种工程重大项目(2016LZGC014);山东"双一流"奖补资金资助(SYL2017XTTD09)

摘　　要：元宝枫作为国家重点发展推广的木本油料之一,具有极大的发展前景,为了探究元宝枫种子含油率与脂肪酸组分株间变异并筛选油用元宝枫单株进行良种繁育。本试验创新性使用脉冲核磁共振仪(pulse NMR)、气相色谱仪(GC)对山东省泰安市5个自然居群的51株元宝枫单株种子含油率与脂肪酸组分进行测定。结果表明,除芥酸外其余指标在居群间达到极显著水平,各性状在群体内差异均达到极显著水平,且84.41%的变异来源于群体内;株间含油率差异极显著,供试种子平均含油率为32.32%,最高为43.12%,最低仅为18.19%,变异系数为16.28%;主要脂肪酸含量差异极显著,脂肪酸含量高低依次为亚油酸(36.39%)、油酸(26.02%)、芥酸(13.09%)、花生一烯酸(7.97%)、神经酸(6.04%)、棕榈酸(5.16%);其中神经酸含量最高为6.88%,最低为4.3%,变异系数为10.30%。性状指标间的相关分析表明,在所选形态指标中不能进行间接选择;含油率与各脂肪酸组分和脂肪酸组分间具有不同的相关性,其相关性对优质籽油种质资源的筛选具有指导意义。在株间变异分析的基础上,初步筛选出高含油率优良单株26号、32号,高神经酸单株16号、40号。元宝枫种子含油率与脂肪酸组分株间变异丰富,具有筛选高油、高特异组分的物质基础,测试结果表明通过优树选育可明显提高元宝枫种子出油率与籽油品质,有利于提高元宝枫经济林效益,推动元宝枫油用产业的发展。Acer truncatum has broad prospects for development as one of the national key development woody oil.In order to know differences of seed oil content and its fatty acid composition in Acer truncatum and filter out high oil plants to breed.The experiment used pulse NMR and Gas chromatography to measure the seed oil content and its fatty acid composition.The seed came from five natural populations in Tai＇an of Shandong province.The results showed that there were significant differences in the traits among populations except the erucic acid,and there were significant differences in all the traits among individuals within populations.And 84.41% of the variation came from within populations.There was very significant difference in oil content among different individuals in Acer truncatum.The average content was 32.32%,the highest was 43.12% and the lowest was only 18.19%.The coefficient of variation was 16.28%.And the main fatty acids also was significence among different individuals,the highest content of linoleic acid,followed by oleic acid,erucic acid,cis-11-Eicosenoic acid,neural acid,palmitic acid.And the average content of neural acid（a kind of functional fatty acid）was 6.04%,the highest was 6.88% and the lowest was only 4.3%.The coefficient of variation was 10.30%.The correlation analysis between the trait indicators show that it is impossible to select by shape.On the basis of variation among different individuals,we selected 2 high oil content plants（number26 and32）and 2 high NA content plants（number 16 and 40）.There are rich variation of seed Oil content and fatty acid components among different individuals in Acer truncatum and have materiales base for screening high-oil,high-specific components.It can significantly improve the oil yield and the oil quality by Acer truncatum plus tree breeding.That will improve the economic benefits of forest Acer truncatum and promote the development of the industry in Acer truncatum oil.

关 键 词：元宝枫 籽油 变异 脉冲核磁共振仪 气相色谱仪 高含油率 高神经酸 

分 类 号：S722.3[农业科学—林木遗传育种]