论肯定性行动的正当性与合法性——以美国实践为考察对象  

On the Justification and Legitimacy of the Affirmative Action——Over the Practice of United States

作　　者：姚天 齐延平[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学人权研究院,北京100088 [2]山东大学法学院,山东济南250014

出　　处：《东岳论丛》2018年第4期166-175,共10页DongYue Tribune

摘　　要：为了更好的保障少数族裔的平等权利,自上世纪60年代起美国开始实施肯定性行动。然而这种在高校招生、公共工程招标中给予少数族裔以优惠待遇的政策,从其在美国铺开之日起就面对着反向歧视论者的正当性与合法性诘问。本文将从哲理层面探究反向歧视论背后的道德个人主义入手,探究肯定性行动是否构成反向歧视;进而从权利层面入手探讨肯定性行动是否侵犯公民的应有权利,从程序正义的角度分析肯定性行动是否侵犯美国宪法所保障的平等的公共政策。这三个层面的分析表明,仅仅因为肯定性行动存在反向歧视的可能就认为其不具有正当性与合法性是站不住脚的。In order to provide better protection for the equal rights of minorities,the United States began to implement affirmative action since the 1960s.However,while giving the minorities preferential treatments in college enrolment and public project bidding,the policy has been questioned about its justification and legitimacy by people who consider affirmative action as"reverse discrimination".Firstly,by discussing the moral individualism behind reverse discrimination on the philosophical level,the paper discusses whether affirmative action is reverse discrimination.Then,it discusses whether affirmative action violates the citizen’s inherent rights on from the perspective of right.Finally,it discusses whether affirmative action violates the equal public policy protected by U.S.constitution from the perspective of procedural justice.These analyses indicate that it is untenable to think affirmative action is unjustifiable and illegal only because it may be suspected of causing reverse discrimination.

关 键 词：肯定性行动 反向歧视 道德个人主义 权利 平等 

分 类 号：D971.221[政治法律—法学]