哲学何以治疗——古希腊、古罗马的哲学治疗思想探微  

How Could Philosophy Be Therapeutic:An Exploration on the Thoughts of Philosophical Counseling and Therapy in Ancient Greece and Rome

作　　者：丁晓军 Ding Xiaojun

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学人文社会科学学院哲学系

出　　处：《兰州学刊》2018年第4期82-91,共10页

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金第61批面上资助项目(项目编号:2017M613161)

摘　　要：哲学咨询与治疗是当代西方哲学界的新话题,一大批哲学家不满于哲学过于疏离普通人的现状,提倡以哲学理论和哲学方法来指导人们的日常生活、解决人们所遭遇的问题与困惑。哲学的这一践行、应用维度不是到了当代哲学家这里才被发现的,古希腊、古罗马的哲学家早已提出丰富而深刻的哲学咨询与治疗思想:以苏格拉底、柏拉图和亚里士多德为代表的古希腊三哲强调对话法、理性和践行智慧对于人们过上良善生活的重要作用;伊壁鸠鲁学派致力于减轻人类的痛苦并且最大化人类的幸福与成就,追求一种平衡的、中庸的快乐;而以爱比克泰德、奥勒留和塞涅卡为代表的斯多葛三贤则主张遵从理性而生活,鼓励人们接受自己所无法控制的事情、避免不必要的痛苦。古希腊、古罗马的哲学咨询与治疗思想彰显了哲学在人类文明发展过程中的现实助人功能,为当代哲学的践行、应用转向提供了重要的理论依据。Philosophical counseling and therapy is a new topic in contemporary western philosophy. A number of philosophers who are unsatisfied with the alienation between philosophy and normal people advocate that philosophical theories and methods should be used to guide people＇s daily life and resolve the problems and perplexities that they encounter. The practical dimension of philosophy is not only discovered by contemporary philosophers until today. Philosophers of ancient Greece and Rome had already proposed quite rich and profound thoughts on philosophical counseling and therapy： Socrates,Plato and Aristotle emphasized the significance of dialogue,rationality and phronesis in people ＇s pursuit of good life;Epicurus was devoted to reduce people＇s suffering and maximize people＇s balanced happiness along with achievement; Epictetus,Aurelius and Seneca claimed that people should live in accord with nature harmoniously,and they encouraged people to accept what they could not control in order to avoid unnecessary suffering. The thoughts on philosophical counseling and therapy in ancient Greece and Rome manifest quite well the helping function of philosophy in the development and progress of human civilization,and they also provide very important and solid theoretical foundation for the practical turn in contemporary philosophy.

关 键 词：哲学咨询 哲学治疗 哲学践行 智慧 理性 

分 类 号：B502.233[哲学宗教—外国哲学]