不同栽培方式、播种深度对冬种马铃薯土壤水热及产量的影响  

Effects of Different Cultivation Methods and Sowing Depth on Soil Water,Temperature and Yield of Winter Potato

作　　者：李丽淑[1] 樊吴静[1] 杨鑫[1] 谭冠宁[1] 唐洲萍[1] 何虎翼[1] LI Li-shu;FAN Wu-jing;YANG Xin;TAN Guan-ning;TANG Zhou-ping;HE Hu-yi(Cash Crops Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guangxi Nanning 530007, Chin)

机构地区：[1]广西农业科学院经济作物研究所,广西南宁530007

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2018年第4期673-679,共7页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家马铃薯产业技术体系南宁综合试验站项目(CAR S-10-ES15);广西重点研发计划项目(桂科AB16380116);广西农业科学院科技发展基金项目(桂农科2017JM24)

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同栽培方式下不同播种深度对马铃薯土壤水热及产量的影响,为冬种马铃薯栽培技术提供重要参考。【方法】以费乌瑞它、丽薯6号为试验材料,设置黑膜覆盖、稻草覆盖和常规种植3种栽培方式下的5、10、15和20 cm 4种不同播种深度处理,测定马铃薯土壤含水量、温度、物候期及产量等农艺性状。【结果】与常规种植相比,丽薯6号黑膜覆盖和稻草覆盖2种栽培方式下的土壤温度均提高1.9℃,在苗期、发棵期、结薯期,黑膜覆盖5~10 cm土层的土壤含水量均最大;在黑膜覆盖播种深度5和10 cm处理下,2个马铃薯品种的生育期最短;丽薯6号和费乌瑞它分别在黑膜覆盖播种深度为10和15 cm时,各农艺性状、产量(57.20、36.30 t/hm2)和经济效益表现最优。【结论】广西冬种马铃薯丽薯6号、费乌瑞它2个品种的最佳栽培方式分别为黑膜覆盖播种深度10和15 cm,研究结果可为广西冬种马铃薯生产合理选择和应用栽培方式提供科学参考。【Objective】To provide theoretical basis for cultivation techniques of winter potato,the effects of different cultivation models and sowing depth on soil water,temperature and yield were studied.【Method】Favorita and Lishu No.6 were taken as material.Three treatments of no-covering,rice straw and black film mulching as well as four sowing depths of 5 cm,10 cm,15 cm and 20 cm were set.The soil water,temperature,phenological periods,yield and other agronomic traits were measured.【Result】The soil temperatures of rice straw and black film mulching were 1.9 ℃ higher than no-covering method,the highest of soil water content were at 5-10 cm soil layers of black film mulching in seeding time,plant growth time and tuber enlargement time.The growth period of two varieties were the shortest under no-covering and rice straw treatments.The agronomic traits,yield（57.2,36.3 t/hm^2） and economic benefits of Lishu No.6 and Favorita were showed surpassingly by sowing depth of 10 cm and 15 cm under black film mulching.【Conclusion】The optimum sowing depth of two varieties were10 cm and 15 cm under black film mulching treatments.The results could provide scientific reference for the reasonable selection and application of cultivation methods on winter potato production in Guangxi.

关 键 词：马铃薯 栽培方式 播种深度 土壤温度 土壤含水量 产量 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学]