复合肥配施不同生物有机肥对土壤肥力及马铃薯产量和品质的影响  

Impact of Combined Application of Compound Fertilizer and Different Bioorganic Fertilizers on Soil Fertility and Potato Yield and Quality

作　　者：王耀 WANG Yao(Tianzhu Agricultural Products Quality Inspection Station, Tianzhu, Gansu 733299, Chin)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省天祝县农产品质量检测检验站,甘肃天祝733299

出　　处：《中国马铃薯》2018年第2期96-100,共5页Chinese Potato Journal

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD06B03)

摘　　要：马铃薯种植中长期大量施用复合肥,致使土壤有机质含量降低,土壤板结,抗病虫害能力减弱,品质下降,产量也难以进一步提高。为了发挥生物有机肥在马铃薯种植中改良土壤、提高产量和品质的有益作用,试验采用单因素随机区组设计,研究了复合肥配施生物有机肥后对土壤微生物含量、土壤肥力及马铃薯产量和品质的影响。结果表明,捷富宝牌复合肥减量施用和配施不同生物有机肥后均提高了土壤有益微生物数量、有机质含量、马铃薯产量和品质,其中捷富宝牌复合肥配施绿能牌生物有机肥(30 kg/667m^2捷富宝牌复合肥+80 kg/667m^2绿能牌生物有机肥)后土壤有益微生物亚硝化细菌、硝化细菌、乳酸菌和放线菌的数量最高,分别为常规施肥(只施60 kg/667m^2捷富宝牌复合肥)的43.33,4.72,3.25和27.00倍;土壤有机质含量、马铃薯产量、淀粉、干物质和维生素C含量较常规施肥分别增加115.65%、10.14%、84.99%、51.05%和47.37%;土壤有害微生物反硝化细菌和霉菌数量最低,较常规施肥(CK)分别降低了91.88%和93.75%,土壤速效氮、速效磷和速效钾含量降幅最低,较常规施肥分别降低了11.57%、22.19%和20.87%。因此,捷富宝牌复合肥配施绿能牌生物有机肥后,不仅可以提高土壤有益微生物数量和土壤肥力,而且可以提高马铃薯产量和品质。In potato production, long-term and large amount of compound fertilizer application lead to decreased soil organic matter content, hardened soil, weakened resistance to disease and insect, as well as lowered potato quality and yield. A study in a randomized block design was conducted, aiming to investigate the effects of application of compound fertilizer combined with bio-organic fertilizer on soil microbial content, soil fertility, potato yield and quality. The results showed that the amount of soil beneficial microbes, organic matter content, potato yield and quality were all increased after application of the reduced Jiefubao（a compound fertilizer） combined with different bio-organic fertilizers, of which the treatment, 30 kg/667 m^2 Jiefubao ＋ 80 kg/667 m^2 Luneng（a bio-organic fertilizer）, increased most the soil beneficial microbes of nitrosomonas, nitrobacteria, lactobacillus and actinomyces, being 43.33, 4.72, 3.25, and 27.00 times that respectively under conventional fertilization（60 kg/667 m^2 Jiefubao only）, and also increased soil organic matter content,potato yield, starch content, dry matter content and vitamin C content, being increased by 115.65%, 10.14%, 84.99%,51.05% and 47.37%, respectively. However, the denitrifying bacteria and mycete numbers were decreased by 91.88%and 93.75%, and soil available nitrogen, available phosphorous and available potassium contents were also decreased by 11.57%, 22.19% and 20.87%, respectively. Therefore, the combined application of Jiefubao compound fertilizer with Luneng bio-organic fertilizer could not only increase the beneficial microbial numbers and soil fertility, but also improve the yield and quality of potato.

关 键 词：复合肥 生物有机肥 肥力 产量 品质 马铃薯 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学]