现场静平衡试验方法改进及研究  

Research and Improvement of In-situ Static Balance Test Approaches

作　　者：代海鑫 丁舒涛 屠翔宇 宋志顺[1] DAI Haixin;DING Shutao;TU Xiangyu;SONG Zhishun(Pan Asia Technical Automotive Center, Shanghai 201201, China)

机构地区：[1]泛亚汽车技术中心,上海201201

出　　处：《噪声与振动控制》2018年第A02期564-569,共6页Noise and Vibration Control

摘　　要：旋转部件在制造、安装以及使用磨损过程中,由于质量分布不均匀会产生一定的不平衡质量,它在旋转时产生周期变化的不平衡激励力,导致一系列的问题,例如轴承磨损,振动噪声等。以汽车的风扇为例,如果风扇的不平衡量过大,会导致车内座椅和方向盘的振动变大,以及车内噪音变大。通常情况下,如果风扇子系统贡献的车内振动噪声超标,解决办法有两个:一是优化传递路径,即减小风扇橡胶垫的刚度;二是优化振动噪声源,即减小风扇的不平衡量。在实际运用中,第一种方法会带来另一个问题——橡胶垫老化速度过快,耐久性能不够。所以最好的办法是选择优化振动噪声源,即减小风扇不平衡量。减小不平衡量的前提测试出等效不平衡量的大小和位置。试验发现传统的测试方法在这种高精度要求的部件测试中存在较大误差。本文在传统现场三点配重法的基础上,从求解方程组的系数矩阵条件数出发研究配重质量和配重施加角度间隔对试验精度的影响,并且提出配重质量选取依据,以及在无法改善角度间隔的条件下提高试验精度的多点配重法。Unbalanced mass exists for rotating components during their manufacturing, installing and wearing process.It causes periodic unbalanced forces during rotating and then brings a series of problems, such as bearing wear and NVH deterioration. Taking an automobile cooling fan as an example, overlarge unbalanced mass of the fan will worsen in-car NVH, such as large seat and steering wheel vibration and interior noise. In general, if vibration and noise contribution of the cooling fan system exceeds the standard, two solutions can be adopted： one is to optimize the transfer path, i.e. softening its rubber mount; and the other is to optimize vibration source, i.e. balancing the fan. In practical applications, the former method always causes a new problem： accelerating rubber aging. So, the best way is to balance the cooling fan. Its precondition is to measure the unbalanced mass. Experimental study has found that traditional measurement methods may cause large errors for these high precision components. On the basis of traditional 3-point balancing method, and from the perspective of solution condition of the coefficient matrix, this paper analyzes the influences of counter weight and its angular spacing on the unbalanced mass test precision, gives a suggestion on counter weight selecting principle, and proposes a multipoint balancing method in case that the angular spacing can＇t be improved.

关 键 词：振动与波 风扇静平衡 三点配重法 配重角度间隔 矩阵条件数 多点配重法 

分 类 号：O329[理学—一般力学与力学基础]