喷施噻苯隆(TDZ)对杧果果实产量、品质和采后贮藏特性的影响  

Effects of pre-harvest spraying with TDZ on yield, quality and storability of mango fruit

作　　者：高兆银[1] 朱敏[2] 李敏[1] 弓德强[1] 冯岗[1] 赵超[3] 范盼辉 陈业渊[2] 胡美姣[1] GAO Zhaoyin;ZHU Min;LI Min;GONG Deqiang;FENG Gang;ZHAO Chao;FAN Panhui;CHEN Yeyuan;HU Meijiao(Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Haikou 571101, Hainan, China;College of Environment and Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan, China;Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricul- tural Sciences, Danzhou 571737, Hainan, China)

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所.农业部热带作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室,海口571101 [2]中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所,海南儋州571737 [3]海南大学环境与植物保护学院,海口570228

出　　处：《果树学报》2018年第4期481-490,共10页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0202103); 海南省重大科技计划(ZDKJ2017003); 海南省自然科学基金(20163101); 基本科研业务费(2016hzs1J002,1630042017026)

摘　　要：【目的】弄清采前使用噻苯隆(Thidiazuron,TDZ)对‘贵妃’杧果产量、品质和采后贮藏特性等指标的影响,指导TDZ在‘贵妃’杧果生产上合理使用,避免其滥用造成果实果皮滞绿、品质严重下降等不利影响。【方法】用不同质量浓度(5、10和20 mg·L^(-1))的TDZ在盛花期后15、25和35 d各喷1次,共喷3次。【结果】采前喷施适宜质量浓度的TDZ增加了杧果的产量,促进果实膨大,增大果形指数,5和10 mg·L^(-1)TDZ处理单株产量分别增加了29.89%和33.56%,但20 mg·L^(-1)TDZ处理增产不明显;5、10和20 mg·L^(-1)TDZ处理无胚果单果质量分别增加56.78%、73.86%和110.56%;在生理成熟期,TDZ处理的果实颜色偏绿色;在完熟期,果实叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量较高,花色苷含量较低。TDZ处理延缓了采后果实的转色及果实硬度和原果胶含量的下降,抑制了可溶性果胶含量和可溶性固形物(TSS)含量的上升,果实的后熟软化推迟。TDZ处理的果实品质下降,果实的TSS含量降低,可滴定酸(TA)含量升高。另外TDZ处理可降低杧果采后病害(炭疽病和蒂腐病)的发病率,延长杧果采后贮藏时间。在完熟期果皮中未检测到TDZ残留。【结论】‘贵妃’杧果采前喷施TDZ的适宜质量浓度为5~10 mg·L^(-1),于盛花期后15、25和35 d各喷1次,共喷3次,果实适时采收,可以显著增加产量和单果质量,对果实品质影响较小,并能延长贮藏时间。【Objective】In recent years, there has been a high incidence of fruit stay-green phenomenon at maturity i.e. some part of the fruit pericarp surface keep green was observed and the taste declined in the Hainan＇Guifei＇mango production area due to an over dose of the plant growth regulator. Thidiazuron（TDZ） was used to increase yield for its effect in promoting fruit enlargement. To test the appropriate dosage of TDZ, we compared the effects of TDZ spraying at different concentrations on yield,quality, postharvest storage characteristics and its residue in mango fruit.【Methods】Healthy＇Guifei＇mango trees with consistent size and vigor were selected in a commercial orchard located in Dongfang city, Hainan province of China. The age of the trees was about 12 years old. TDZ in water solutions of 5 mg·L-（-1）, 10 mg·L-（-1） and 20 mg·L-（-1） respectively were sprayed at 15 d, 25 d and 35 d after full bloom. Three trees were selected for each treatment（3 repetitions）. The fruit were harvested at 113 d after full bloom,then loaded in corrugated carton boxes, each layer of fruit were placed with soft paper to avoid damage.After that the fruit were immediately taken back to the laboratory, stored in a room under（25±1） ℃ and（85±5）% relative humidity（RH）. Fruit color parameters such as L value, a value and b value, the contents of the pericarp pigments including total chlorophylls, anthocyanins, and carotenoids were measured at harvest and during storage to estimate the effect of TDZ on fruit color. Fruit firmness, the contents of soluble solid content（TSS）, titratable acid（TA） and vitamin C were measured to estimate the effect of TDZ on the inner quality of mango. The effect of TDZ on yield, fruit weight, the disease incidence induced by fungi, and TDZ residue were also tested.【Results】Spraying TDZ in doses of 5 mg · L-（-1） and 10 mg · L-（-1） increased the yield, promoted fruit enlargement, and increased fruit shape index.The average yield（44.3 kg and

关 键 词：杧果 噻苯隆 产量 果实品质 果实颜色 贮藏特性 

分 类 号：S667.7[农业科学—果树学]