岷江上游山区聚落生态位与土壤侵蚀的空间分布关系研究  

The Relationship of Spatial Distribution between Mountain Settlement Niche and Soil Erosion in the Upper Reaches of Minjiang River

作　　者：刘延国[1] 廖彦淞[2] 王青[1] 邹强[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南科技大学环境与资源学院,四川绵阳621010 [2]四川大学建筑与环境学院,四川成都610045

出　　处：《中国水土保持》2018年第5期45-50,共6页Soil and Water Conservation in China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(41071115;41301587)

摘　　要：利用RS和GIS技术,提取岷江上游山区聚落生态位面积、海拔、坡度等空间信息,通过与该区域土壤侵蚀研究成果对比,揭示山区聚落生态位与土壤侵蚀的空间分布关系,结果表明:(1)聚落生态位总数为1 667个,总面积为982.12km2,仅占研究区总面积的4.38%,山区适宜聚落生态位面积较小,整个区域以中度及以下等级侵蚀为主,中度及以下侵蚀面积占国土面积的比例超过79%;(2)聚落生态位海拔主要集中在1 300~2 800 m,3 000 m以下以微度和轻度侵蚀为主,强烈及以上等级侵蚀多集中在海拔3 000 m以上,聚落生态位分布区域与强烈侵蚀区不重叠;(3)聚落生态位集中分布于15°~35°的缓斜坡及斜坡山地上,与中度侵蚀集中分布坡度基本一致。土壤侵蚀过程是该区一个重要的生态变化过程,自然本底的脆弱性是土壤侵蚀的重要原因,已成为限制区域农业综合生产潜力的主导因素之一,针对两者空间关系,结合少数民族山区的贫困现状和特殊的生态环境,提出了山区生计方式转变的策略建议。The paper extracted the spatial information of area,elevation and slope of mountain settlement ecological niche of the upper reaches of Minjiang River by using the technologies of RS and GIS. It revealed the relationship of spatial distribution between mountain settlement ecological niche and soil erosion through comparing the results of soil erosion research of the region. The outcomes show that a) the total number of settlement niches is 1 667 with a total area of 982.12 km2,only making up 4.38% of the studied area. The suitable mountain settlement niche area is smaller. The whole region is mainly moderate erosion and below and that area exceeds 79% of the territory area; b) the elevation of settlement niche is mainly concentrated at 1 300-2 800 m. Below 3 000 m,it mainly is light and slight erosion,serious erosion and above degrees is mainly concentrated above 3 000 m elevation. The elevation distribution of settlement ecological niche and serious erosion area do not overlap and; c) the distribution of settlement niche is mainly concentrated on 15°-35° gentle slopes and sloping mountains which are consistent with the regions of moderate erosion. The process of soil erosion is an important ecological process of the region and the vulnerability of natural background is an important reason for soil erosion which has become one the essential factors of limiting regional agricultural comprehensive productivity. In view of the spatial relationship between them and combing with the current situation of poverty and the special ecological environment of minority mountainous areas,it puts forward strategic suggestions on the transformation of livelihoods for mountainous region.

关 键 词：山区聚落 生态位 土壤侵蚀 岷江上游 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]