鄂尔多斯高原本氏针茅与油蒿群落过渡过程中的植被动态  

Vegetation dynamics in succession process from Stipa bungeana to Artemisia ordosica in the Ordos Plateau

作　　者：张瑞红 蔡文涛[2] 来利明[2] 周继华[2] 姜联合[2] 杜会[2] 王永吉 郑元润[2] ZHANG Ruihong;CAI Wentao;LAI Liming;ZHOU Jihua;JIANG Lianhe;DU hui;WANG Yongji;ZHENG Yuanrun(College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen 041004, China;Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China)

机构地区：[1]山西师范大学生命科学学院,临汾041004 [2]中国科学院植物研究所北方资源重点实验室,北京100093 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《应用与环境生物学报》2018年第2期200-206,共7页Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41330749,41401105)资助~~

摘　　要：灌木入侵对草原生态系统结构和功能产生了严重影响，了解其植被动态对草地灌丛化的控制和恢复具有重要意义. 在鄂尔多斯高原选取本氏针茅向油蒿群落过渡过程中不同演替阶段的代表性群落类型，采用样方法、刈割法和根钻法，对不同群落的盖度、密度、生物量、凋落物、根系以及物种多样性进行调查和分析. 结果表明：从本氏针茅向油蒿群落过渡的过程中，（1）演替阶段经历了本氏针茅群落、本氏针茅＋糙隐子草群落、本氏针茅＋油蒿群落、油蒿＋糙隐子草群落、油蒿＋达乌里胡枝子群落、油蒿群落6个群落类型. （2）群落盖度呈现先下降后上升，总密度先下降后升高再下降的趋势，地上、地下生物量及总生物量和凋落物干重在演替过程中总体呈上升趋势. （3）本氏针茅的盖度、密度、生物量和重要值逐渐下降，油蒿则相反. （4）随土层深度的增加，群落内植物根系干重总体上呈下降的趋势. 根系干重在0-30 cm土层较为集中，整个演替阶段油蒿群落根系干重分布出现先升高后下降趋势，到第VI阶段根系分布深度可达80-90 cm. （5）物种丰富度指数、Simpson优势度指数、Shannon-Winner多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数均呈现先升高后下降的趋势. 因此，鄂尔多斯高原草地灌丛化较为严重，尽管中度灌丛化阶段群落的盖度、生物量和生物多样性较高，但由于灌木入侵后整个演替阶段盖度、密度、物种多样性等明显下降，草原生态系统的可利用性降低，应将灌丛化草地恢复为本氏针茅为主的草地. （图4 表1 参36）Shrub invasion has a serious effect on the structure and function of grassland ecosystems and understanding vegetation dynamics is of great significance to control shrub invasion and recover shrub invaded grassland. In the Ordos Plateau, we selected representative communities in transition process from Stipa bungeana to Artemisia ordosica. By sampling, cutting, and root-drilling methods, plant coverage, density, biomass, litter, root, and species diversity of different communities were investigated and analyzed. The results showed the following： （1） the succession process had six vegetation types, S. bungeana communities, S. bungeana ＋ Cleistogenes squarrosa communities, S. bungeana ＋ Artemisia ordosica communities, A. ordosica ＋ C. squarrosa communities, A. ordosica ＋ Lespedeza davurica communities, and A. ordosica communities. （2） The community coverage decreased initially, and then increased. Whereas, the total density decreased initially, then increased, and then decreased. The aboveground, underground, and total biomasses, and the dry weight of litter showed an increasing trend. （3） The coverage, density, and biomass of S. bungeana decreased gradually, whereas A. ordosica showed an opposite trend. （4） With the increase in soil depth, the dry weight of root showed a decreasing trend. The roots were mainly distributed in the 0–30 cm soil layer. At VI stage, the root distribution of Artemisia community initially increased, and then decreased, and the root depth reached 80–90 cm. （5） The species richness, Simpson, Shannon-Winner, and Pielou evenness indexes initially increased, and then decreased. In summary, shrub encroachment is severe in the Ordos Plateau. Although the community coverage, biomass, and biodiversity during the moderate shrub encroachment stage were high, the shrub-invaded grassland should be restored to S. bungeana grassland due to the decreased grazing value of grassland after shrub invasion.

关 键 词：鄂尔多斯高原 灌丛化 本氏针茅 油蒿 演替 群落特征 生态恢复 

分 类 号：S812.6[农业科学—草业科学] Q948.154[农业科学—畜牧学]