共享单车的用户特征及其对城市交通出行的影响  

Characteristics of Dock-less Bike Share and Its Impact on Urban Transportation

作　　者：葛丽娟 葛艳波 李枫[1] GE Lijuan;GE Yanbo;LI Feng(School of Transportation Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China;School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle 352700, USA)

机构地区：[1]同济大学交通运输工程学院,上海201804 [2]华盛顿大学土木与环境工程学院,美国西雅图352700

出　　处：《综合运输》2018年第4期30-36,共7页China Transportation Review

摘　　要：借“互联网＋”的东风，共享单车在近两年对慢行交通进行了史无前例的变革。本文首次以交通行为分析的角度，通过问卷调查的方式，对共享单车的用户结构及偏好，共享单车的交通特性及其在城市交通系统中所扮演的角色进行分析。研究表明：（1）受教育程度较高的年轻群体是共享单车最主要的用户，而家庭拥有超过一辆小汽车的个体更有可能不是共享单车的受众；（2）通勤出行中，共享单车主要作为公共交通（城市轨道交通或公交车）的一种接驳工具，解决首末两端的短距离出行，但起不到减少小汽车出行的作用；（3）非通勤出行中，除了步行和公交车外，共享单车还替代了一定数量的出租车和私家车；（4）共享单车用户对于寻车时间的容忍限度一般都在五分钟以内，这反映了共享单车的投放密度对其服务水平至关重要。本文最后对投放共享单车的城市提出了一些建议。Dock-less bike share （DBS） gained great popularity in China in 2016 and has expanded to a lot of cities in the world. This paper reports on a survey to understand who the users are, the basic characteristics of DBS trips, what modes DBS replaces, and the user preferences of DBS services. The results show that ：（1） DBS users are generally young with higher education and with other variables being controlled respondents with multiple cars in the household are less likely to use DBS services. （2）For commuting trips, DBS is predominantly treated as a way to solve first/last mile of transit trips but does not help reducing car use. （3） For non-commuting trips,DBS also replaces significant amount of motorized trips by taxi and driving.（4）Most of the users in Chinese cities have a 5-minute time tolerance to find a DBS bike, which shows the ubiquity of bikes is important for DBS services. At the end of the paper, some suggestions are offered for cities that are considering incorporating DBS into their urban transportation systems.

关 键 词：共享单车 交通调查 用户偏好 出行特性 接驳工具 

分 类 号：F572[经济管理—产业经济] F724.6