构式压制还是词汇压制——再论“被自杀”  

Constructional Coercion or Lexical Coercion——More on“Bei-zisha”

作　　者：庞加光[1] 

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学外国语学院,陕西西安710049

出　　处：《解放军外国语学院学报》2018年第2期55-63,共9页Journal of PLA University of Foreign Languages

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目"认知语法视域下的汉语被动句研究"(17YJA740039);陕西省社会科学基金项目"认知语义学视角下被动句的句法语义研究"(2015K023)

摘　　要：在认知语法的视角下,本文提出,"被自杀"等新创被动格式属于构式压制即被动构式对"自杀"及相关社会事件的范畴化,不是词汇压制。作为范畴化的结果,"被自杀"的概念功能可概括为凸显执行者对目标射体的控制,并涌现出非自主、非受益等特征。这会造就一个独特的底层被动构式并促使"被自杀"词汇化,但不会引发"自杀"的语义调变。以非还原论为理论根基,构式语法需要构式压制,没有必要假设词汇压制。From the perspective of cognitive grammar,this paper proposes the unconventional passive pattern like "beizisha"( bei-suicide) is derived from constructional coercion rather than lexical coercion. Specifically,"zisha"as well as the relevant social incident is categorized by bei-construction as an instance. As a result of this categorization process,"bei-zisha"is used to make salient the target as trajector being controlled by the actor,and hence emerge the distinctive semantic features such as non-volitionality,non-beneficialness. This will induce a peculiar low-level bei-construction and a lexicalized term "bei-zisha",but will not change the semantics of "zisha". Endorsing a nonreductionist view,construction grammar sanctions constructional coercion instead of lexical coercion.

关 键 词：被动构式 构式压制 词汇压制 范畴化 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语]