人性与动物性的相通和相融——小说《耻》中自然生态与社会生态的内在一致性  

The Resemblance and Integration of Humanity and Animality:Inherent Consistency of the Natural Ecology and Social Ecology in Disgrace

作　　者：李臻[1] LI Zhen(School of Foreign Languages, Tianjin University of Technology and Education, Tianjin 300222, Chin)

机构地区：[1]天津职业技术师范大学外国语学院,天津300222

出　　处：《山东外语教学》2018年第2期88-97,共10页Shandong Foreign Language Teaching

基　　金：天津市哲学社会科学规划项目"生态批评视域下的库切与莫言小说创作比较研究"(项目编号:TJWW17-001)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：J.M.库切的小说作品中大量出现人与动物的类比,这些类比大都没有将动物高度地人格化,也没有将动物性特征与人类的社会性特征截然对立起来。在代表作《耻》中,库切客观地描述人与动物共同具有的生存状态,详尽地表现人与动物间微妙的情感交流和互动,反映出人性与动物性的相通之处,一方面批判了工具理性主义将精神活动作为人与动物之间天然鸿沟的偏见,另一方面也揭示了人的自然属性与社会文化之间复杂的相互作用,将自然生态与社会生态有机地联系在一起。作品由此展示出从自然生态中汲取力量来改造反生态的社会文化的希望,同时呈现出一种将诗意情怀、科学认知与具体的社会文化语境相结合的生态观,也对生态运动中某些主流思想构成了质疑和挑战。The abundant analogies between humans and animals in J. M. Coetzee＇s novels neither highly personify animals,nor diametrically counterpose the features of animality to the social qualities of humans. In his masterpiece Disgrace,Coetzee objectively portrays the common existent state shared by animals and humans,and exposes the subtle affective communication and interactions between animals and humans,reflecting the resemblance of humanity and animality,challenging the prejudice that mental activity is a criterion of differentiation between humans and animals,and exposing the complicated mutual effects between the natural attributes of humans and the social cultures,which bridges the gap between natural ecology and social ecology. Thereout,a prospect of drawing strength from the nature to remold the anti-ecological cultures of human society is revealed,and an ecological view integrating poetic affection and scientific cognition with specific social and cultural context is displayed,which also produce a skepticism against some mainstream ideologies of modern ecological movements.

关 键 词：库切 《耻》 生态批评 自然生态 社会生态 动物性 人性 

分 类 号：I106[文学—世界文学]