我国目击证人辨认制度的完善:从吸纳新近科学研究成果切入  

The Reformation of Eyewitness Identification in China:on the Basis of New Scientific Research Results

作　　者：黄士元[1] HUANG Shiyuan

机构地区：[1]山东大学法学院

出　　处：《暨南学报（哲学社会科学版）》2018年第4期111-120,132,共11页Jinan Journal(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

摘　　要：当前关于目击证人辨认的研究成果看似零散无序,却大致可以用两个科学原理(期望效应和相对判断)予以解释。这些研究成果不仅质量上乘,还在很多方面都达成了很高程度的共识。根据这些共识,为了使辨认结果更为可靠,辨认应采用双盲程序,应避免不适当地突出嫌疑人,应在辨前告知目击证人"罪犯可能不在被辨认者之中"、"无论是否指认出罪犯,侦查都会继续进行下去",辨认笔录的记载应更为全面,辨认过程应录音录像,辩护律师应有权在辨认过程中在场。我国的规则制定者和司法实务人员应熟悉已有研究成果,并根据已有扎实科学基础的研究结论完善我国立法和司法实践。Although the scientific research results on eyewitness identification seem to be scattered and unorganized, they can be explained by two scientific principles： Expectancy Effect and Relative Judgment.These high quality scientific researches reach consensus in many aspects of eyewitness identification.According to the consensus, double-blind procedure should be employed; suspect should not unduly stand out from among other fillers; lineup administrator should tell witness that the perpetrator may or may not be in the lineup; and that the investigation will continue regardless of the lineup result; identification procedures should be written down comprehensively and videotaped; defense attorney should be allowed to be present in the identification procedures. Rule-makers and law enforcement officers should be familiar with these scientific research results, and improve the legislative and judicial practice based on these research results.

关 键 词：目击证人辨认 科学研究成果 期望效应 相对判断 司法实践 

分 类 号：D9[政治法律—法学]