姓名权行使纠纷的裁判规则及应然路径  

The Judgment of the Right of Name and Its practical Performance

作　　者：石冠彬[1] Shi Guanbin

机构地区：[1]海南大学法学院

出　　处：《四川大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2018年第3期21-26,共6页Journal of Sichuan University：Philosophy and Social Science Edition

基　　金：海南大学高层次人才科研启动基金项目"民法典编纂背景下民商事法律适用的疑难问题研究"(kyqd(sk)1713)

摘　　要：不论姓名命名权、姓名变更权还是姓名使用权,都应当允许自由行使,除非有损社会善良风俗或侵犯他人在先权利。姓名命名权中的姓氏决定权只要不违背家族意志,即应当承认其私权属性,姓名登记机关对取他人姓氏、自创的姓氏也均应持开明态度。姓名变更权虽属私权,但仍宜原则上设定变更次数的上限。父母离异的,一方变更未成年子女已登记姓名的,一般应征得另一方同意,但最终判断因素应是未成年人利益的最大化;同理,若未成年人姓名已经实际变更,则也应当综合考虑现实生活中使用变更后姓名的具体情况、未成年人意志,以及是否存在新家庭难以接纳异姓孩子等因素,本着有利于未成年人利益最大化的原则来决定是否恢复原名。总结裁判经验有利于编纂民法典,《中华人民共和国民法人格权编(草案)·民法室室内稿》理应整合上述裁判规则建构姓名权的行使规范。Citizens should be allowed to exercise freely the right to name, to change names, and to use names unless it is detrimental to social goodness or involves infringement of other people＇s prior rights. If the choice of surname does not violate the family＇s will, it should be recognized as a legally private right. The name registration authority should also approve the self-created surname and the use of other surnames.Although the right to change the name is a private right, it is still advisable to set the maximum number of changes. In the case of divorced parents, if one parent plans to change the name of their minor child, the consent from the other parent shall be obtained. The determining factor is what maximizes the interests of minors. Meanwhile, if the name of the child has already been changed by one parent without consent from the other parent, whether to restore the original name should be decided with the principle of best benefits to the minors, by considering the real circumstances of the use of the changed name, the will of the minor, the possibility of new families accepting children of different surnames and other factors. A review of this judicial experience is helpful to compiling the civil code. The Law on Personality Rights（The Civil Law Research Office Draft） should integrate this judicial experience and stipulate the rules to exercise the right to name.

关 键 词：人格权 民法典编纂 姓名权 姓名命名权 姓名变更权 姓名使用权 

分 类 号：DF529[政治法律—民商法学]