CRISPR/Cas技术及其在发酵菌株上的应用  

CRISPR/Cas Technique and its Application on Fermentation Strains Research

作　　者：石宏武[1] 乔晶 崔晟榕 马小军[1,2] SHI Hong-wu;QIAO Jing;CUI Sheng-rong;MA Xiao-jun(Inst. of Officinal Dev＇t, Chinese Acad. of Med. Sci. ＆ Peking Union Med. Coll. , Beijing 100193;Yunnan Branch of Inst. of Officinal Dev＇ t , Chinese Acacl. of Mecl. Sci. , Jinghong 666100)

机构地区：[1]中国医学科学院北京协和医学院药用植物研究所,北京100193 [2]中国医学科学院药用植物研究所云南分所,云南景洪666100

出　　处：《微生物学杂志》2018年第2期97-104,共8页Journal of Microbiology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(81373914;81573521);北京市自然科学基金项目(5172028)

摘　　要：发酵菌株的改良在发酵工业生产上通常是一项非常重要的内容,而传统的驯化模式周期长、效率低、稳定性差且成本高,很难满足工业化快速生产的要求。规律成簇间隔短回文重复Cas(Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/Cas,CRISPR/Cas)是细菌及古生菌中的一种适应性免疫系统,在此系统上改进的基因编辑技术能实行RNA导向的DNA精准编辑。因而利用CRISPR/Cas基因编辑技术对菌株的快速构建和优化,是一条快速获得高产菌株的新途径。本文综述了CRISPR/Cas系统组成、工作原理、分类以及该技术在发酵菌株上的应用研究进展,并探索了该技术存在的问题以及目前的解决办法,最后对CRISPR/Cas技术在发酵工程上的潜力进行了展望。Ferment strains improvement is a vital content in fermentation industry production ordinarily,and it is hard to meet the requirements of rapid industrial production by the screening scheme of traditional domestication because of its time-consuming,inefficiency,instability and high-cost. Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/Cas（CRISPR/Cas） a gene targeted editing technology improving,an adaptive immune system in bacteria and archabacteria that could edit gene based on this system by DNA accurate edition guided by RNA. Therefore,using CRISPR/Cas gene edition technology rapidly to establish and optimize strains is a novel efficient path to acquire highyielding fermentation strain. In this paper,the CRISPR/Cas components,working principle,classification and its advances in the application on fermentation strain optimization is reviewed. The problems faced by CRISPR/Cas technology are probed,and finally the potential of CRISPR/Cas in fermentation engineering is prospected.

关 键 词：规律成簇间隔短回文重复Cas(CRISPR/Cas) 基因靶向编辑 发酵菌株 优化 

分 类 号：Q939.97[生物学—微生物学]