塔台管制中注视策略与情境意识关系研究  

The relationship between fixation strategy and situation awareness in tower control

作　　者：靳慧斌 卫康凯 JIN Huibin;WEI Kangkai(The Flight Technology College, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, Chin)

机构地区：[1]中国民航大学飞行技术学院,天津300300

出　　处：《中国科技论文》2018年第7期791-795,共5页China Sciencepaper

基　　金：中国民航局安全能力专项资金资助项目(TMSA1434/1);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(3122014B007)

摘　　要：为深入探索塔台管制员不同注视策略与情境意识(situation awareness,SA)的关系,整合模拟塔台管制软件和眼动仪,构建实验平台。根据航班起降频率差异,设计简单、中等和困难3种模拟塔台管制环境,使用最近邻指数(nearest neighbor index,NNI)对被试的注视策略进行量化,利用三维情境意识(3D-SART)量表对被试的SA水平进行测量。结合操作错误次数,分析采用不同注视策略的被试在实验中SA水平和操作绩效的变化情况。结果表明:离散类被试拥有更高的SA水平和更好的操作绩效;在困难组实验中离散类被试SA水平下降不显著,而离-聚类被试和聚集类被试SA水平下降显著。To further explore the relationship between the tower controller fixation strategy and situation awareness（SA）,simulation tower control software and an eye tracker were integrated into an experiment platform.According to frequency difference of taking off and landing flights,the simulation tower control environments were divided into 3 categories：simple,medium,difficult.Nearest neighbor index（NNI）algorithm was utilized to calculate and identify the subject fixation distribution strategies.3 D-SART scale was utilized to evaluate the subjects＇ SA level.Taking the operation errors into consideration,SA level and operational performance of the subjects with different fixation strategies were analyzed.Results revealed that the dispersed group had higher SA level and better operational performance,and the SA level of the dispersed group was not significantly decreased,while the SA level of the dispersed-clustered group and the clustered group were significantly decreased in the difficult group experiment.

关 键 词：塔台管制 情境意识 最近邻指数 操作绩效 注视策略 

分 类 号：V355[航空宇航科学与技术—人机与环境工程]