专门科技语体和通俗科技语体多特征对比研究  

A Comparative Study of Linguistic Characteristics Between Special and Popular Sciences and Technologies

作　　者：刘艳春[1] 赵艺[2] LIU Yanchun;ZHAO Yi(Faculty of Literature and Law;Academy of Media and Public Affairs,Communication University of China,Beijing 100024)

机构地区：[1]中国传媒大学文法学部,北京100024 [2]中国传媒大学媒介与公共事务研究院,北京100024

出　　处：《江汉学术》2018年第3期113-122,共10页JIANGHAN ACADEMIC

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目"汉语语体多维度;多特征计量研究"(13CYY038);中国传媒大学"优秀中青年教师培养工程(第二层次)"项目(YXJS201510)

摘　　要：基于国家语委现代汉语通用平衡语料库,利用Microsoft Access、SPSS等软件,定量对比汉语专门科技语体和通俗科技语体的55项语言特征,结果显示,二者有49项语言特征存在显著差异。据此可以发现汉语科技语体在词汇使用上的特有规律,即汉语专门科技语体大量使用中频词,致使其在词型覆盖率和超用词的关系上不同于一般语体。情境特征决定语言特征,汉语专门科技语体和通俗科技语体相似的生成环境和背景环境,决定二者都具有书面文本的规范性;一般交际目的、发话者和涉及话题领域的部分一致,使二者呈现出科技语体的部分共性,同时也是科技语体区别于其他语体的一般共性;而参与者、参与者间关系、渠道、交际目的和话题的不同,则直接导致专门科技语体和通俗科技语体在49项语言特征上的显著差别。Based on the State Language Commission’s “general balanced corpus of modern Chinese”and using the software such as Microsoft Access and SPSS,this paper has made a quantitative comparison of 55 characteristics between the linguistic styles of special and popular sciences and technologies.The result shows that significant difference exists in 49 characteristics.It finds a large number of medium frequency words used in the special scientific and technical style,different from the general styles in the relationship between the morphologic coverage and the overused words.Circumstances decide a language’s characteristics.As special scientific and technical （SST） style and popular scientific and technical （PST） style share similar living and background environments,they share similar linguistic characteristics：regular written form;with overlapped communicative purposes,addressers,and topic areas,both as scientific and technical （ST） style distinguished from other styles.However,as the two styles have different participants,relations betweenparticipants,channels,communicative purposes,and topic areas,thus the differencein 49 characteristics.

关 键 词：科技语体 专门科技语体 通俗科技语体 语料库 

分 类 号：H15[语言文字—汉语]