“致太平”思潮与黄巾初起动机考——兼及原始道教的辅汉情结与终末论说  

“To the Taiping” and the Initially Motive of the Yellow-Turban

作　　者：冯渝杰 Feng Yujie

机构地区：[1]四川大学文化科技协同创新研发中心

出　　处：《学术月刊》2018年第5期138-153,共16页Academic Monthly

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“汉末宗教思潮与‘汉家’秩序之解体研究”(15CZS020)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：《续汉志》注引《物理论》“（黄巾）不将尺兵”等语，给我们提供了探考黄巾不同于多数史籍所塑造之形象的突破口：从黄巾的武器操备、移动路线及其兴起过程中地方与中央官员的反应情况等诸多方面，可以透见黄巾运动的初始动机并非直指颠覆汉家；其教义、组织与口号有效承载了他们的宗教诉求，据此可判断黄巾运动乃为时人“太平”理想的一次集中表达。通过对西汉以来“致太平”思潮及《太平经》主旨的仔细分析可以发现，《太平经》之救世神学与黄巾祈望更新天地、招致“太平”的宗教理想深相契合，表明两者具有思想上的内在统一性。黄巾的行为最终脱离其初设动机，与汉末思潮及政治实际的总体变化紧密相关，亦是其由“辅汉”而“代汉”之宗教神学演变的结果。If we examine the Yellow-Turbans＇ preparation for military weapons, marching routes, and the response of the local and central officers to their uprising, we can see that the initially motive of the Yellow-Turban movement was not to overthrow the ＂Hanjia＂. Its doctrine, organization and slogan obviously revealed its religious concern, which suggests that the Yellow-Turbans＇ movement was a centralized expression of people＇s strong expectation for ＂Taiping＂ after experiencing catastrophes and spiritual worries for a long time. Taiping Jing carried a strong propensity to support ＂Hanjia＂, of which the messianic theology corresponded with the Yellow-Turbans＇ religious ideal, it also indicated that the former shares an ideologically internal unity with the latter. The Yellow-Turban finally departed from its initially motive; and the reason for this shift was complicated-under the influence of eschatology, Chenwei and five virtue＇s cycle theory, the Yellow-Turban＇s soteriology took a turn from supporting Han to substituting Han, and consequently it began searching for Zhenren （pure man） to dispel calamities and gain Taiping.

关 键 词：谶纬 太平经 原始道教 汉末思潮 汉魏禅代 历史书写 

分 类 号：K23[历史地理—历史学]