串列竖轴水轮机尾流场影响CFD模拟分析  

CFD simulation analysis on the wake effect of tandem vertical axis tidal turbines

作　　者：孙科[1] 李岩[1] 王凯[1] 张亮[1] SUN Ke;LI Yan;WANG Kai;ZHANG Liang(Deepwater Engineering Research Center, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工程大学深海工程技术研究中心,哈尔滨150001

出　　处：《哈尔滨工业大学学报》2018年第5期185-191,共7页Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51209060;11572094);黑龙江省自然科学基金(E2016021);哈尔滨市科技创新人才研究专项资金(2015RQQXJ014)

摘　　要：为研究串列水轮机组水动力性能并提出合理的水轮机布置方案,提高潮流能电站的发电效率,针对三叶片竖轴水轮机进行瞬态数值模拟,分析了串列布置水轮机组上游水轮机的水动力性能及尾流场对下游水轮机水动力性能的影响.考虑到竖轴水轮机叶片展向剖面相同的特点,将模型简化为二维模型并利用开源流体力学软件Open FOAM对水轮机进行了数值分析.首先通过模拟单个水轮机的运行,得出了能量利用率随叶尖速比的变化规律,并通过与文献中实验数据的对比验证了Open FOAM数值模型在合理的设置下,采用k-ωSST湍流模型和PIMPLE算法,可以准确计算二维竖轴水轮机的水动力性能.之后模拟了两个串列放置的水轮机,水轮机之间的距离范围取5~50倍水轮机直径,分析得出了竖轴水轮机后方各剖面的尾流特性,以及水轮机间距对下游水轮机水动力性能的影响特性.分析结果表明,两个串列水轮机的间距大于40倍水轮机直径时,上游水轮机尾流场对下游水轮机性能的影响可以忽略.To study the hydrodynamic performance characteristics of tandem turbines, put forward the reasonable layout scheme and increase power generation efficiency of tidal power station, the transient numerical simulations are performed to investigate a three-blade vertical axis tidal turbine, and the upstream turbine＇s hydrodynamic performance and the wake effect on the downstream turbine are analyzed. Considering that the turbine＇ s blade has the same profile on the span, the turbine model is simplified to 2D model and the open source fluid mechanics software OpenFOAM is used to simulate the flow field. Firstly, changing law of turbine＇ s power coefficient with tip speed ratio is obtained through the simulation of a single turbine. By comparing with the experimental data in reference, it is verified that the OpenFOAM numerical model can predict the hydrodynamic performance of the 2D vertical axis turbine accurately under the reasonable setting by using the k-to SST turbulence model and the PIMPLE algorithm. Then two tandem turbines cases are simulated, the distance between two turbines is from 5D to 50D, where D stands for turbine＇ s diameter. The wake characteristics of the sections behind turbines and the influence characteristics of turbines＇ distance on the downstream turbine＇ s hydrodynamic performance are obtained. Finally the results show that when the distance between two tandem turbines is more than 40D, the effect of upstream turbine on the downstream turbine could be ignored.

关 键 词：竖轴水轮机 串列 尾流 数值模拟 水动力性能 

分 类 号：TK730[交通运输工程—轮机工程] O352[动力工程及工程热物理—流体机械及工程]