华北平原不同生产模式设施蔬菜生命周期环境影响评价  

Life Cycle Environmental Impact Assessment on Different Modes of Greenhouse Vegetable Production in the North China Plain

作　　者：徐强 胡克林 李季 韩卉 杨合法 XU Qiang1, HU Ke-lin1 , LI Ji1, HAN Hui1 , YANG He-fa2(1. Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation in North China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; 2. Quzhou Experimental Station, China Agricultural University, Quzhou 057250, Chin)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,农业部华北耕地保育重点实验室,北京100193 [2]中国农业大学曲周实验站,曲周057250

出　　处：《环境科学》2018年第5期2480-2488,共9页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0201202); 长江学者和创新团队发展计划项目(IRT0412)

摘　　要：全面系统地评价不同生产模式下设施蔬菜生产过程的环境效应,可为降低蔬菜生产过程中的负面环境影响提供理论指导.本文以华北平原河北省曲周县4 a春茬设施茄子生产为例,采用田间实测结合生命周期评价的方法,分析和比较了该地区常规、综合和有机生产模式下设施茄子的生产过程及其对环境的影响.结果表明,3种模式的水体毒性、富营养化和土壤毒性危害潜势对环境影响的贡献较大,分别占82.05%~84.02%、10.29%~12.32%和2.62%~3.48%,且主要发生在农作子系统中,均主要是由氮磷流失、农药残留及有机肥所携带的重金属所致.综合模式的环境影响综合指数最低,为0.596,分别比常规和有机模式降低了30.3%和6.7%,该模式显著降低了设施蔬菜农作子系统的污染物排放,为最佳生产模式.因此,优化田间管理措施(如施用生物农药、优质有机肥和提高氮磷利用效率)可较好地控制蔬菜生产生命周期负面环境影响及提高该地区设施蔬菜生产的环境可持续能力.Organic agriculture has a higher potential than traditional agriculture to reduce environmental emissions. However,heavy metals in organic manure inevitably exacerbate eco-toxicity. At present,there are few studies on systematically and comprehensively evaluating the effects of different production modes on the environmental impact of vegetable production in the North China Plain（ NCP）. The objective of this study is to provide a theoretical direction for reducing the negative impact of greenhouse vegetable production. In this study,we used a greenhouse eggplant production（ 2013-2016） as case study and conducted a field experiment in Quzhou County,Hebei Province,China. The life cycle assessment（ LCA） approach was used to analyze and compare the production and environmental impacts of eggplant production under three modes： conventional,integrated,and organic. The results showed that the potential for water contamination,eutrophication,and soil contamination was high among the three modes,ranging from 82. 05% to 84. 02%,10. 29% to 12. 32%,and 2. 62% to 3. 48%,respectively. This is occurred mainly in the arable farming subsystem and is attributed to the loss of nitrogen（ N） and phosphorus（ P）,pesticide residues,and heavy metals in organic manure. The environmental impact index of the integrated mode is the lowest,with a value of 0. 596,which is 30. 3% and 6. 7% lower than those of the conventional and organic modes. The integrated mode significantly reduces the emission of pollutants from the greenhouse vegetable production in the arable farming subsystem; therefore,it is the best management practice. In the integrated mode,the environmental costs of producing one ton of eggplant are 46. 6 J for energy depletion,81. 9 m^2 for land occupation,0. 004 6 m^3 for water depletion,0. 005 4 kg（ CO2-eq） for global warming,0. 006 0 kg（ SO2-eq） for acidification,0. 073 5 kg（ PO4-eq） for aquatic eutrophication,2. 84 E-05 kg（ 1,4-DCB-eq） for human toxicity,0. 489 2 kg（ 1,4-DCB-eq） for aq

关 键 词：设施蔬菜 环境影响 生命周期评价 可持续性 华北平原 

分 类 号：X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学]