我国民事撤诉制度的结构性重置  

On the structural replacement of civil withdrawal system in China

作　　者：林剑锋[1] 

机构地区：[1]中央财经大学法学院,北京100081

出　　处：《法律科学（西北政法大学学报）》2018年第3期163-170,共8页Science of Law：Journal of Northwest University of Political Science and Law

基　　金：司法部国家法治与法学理论研究项目(12SFB3020)"民事上诉审中的撤诉制度研究";"中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金";"中央财经大学科研创新团队支持计划"资助

摘　　要：现行法设定的撤诉结构存在着法院"一权独大"、权利配置中双方当事人利益失衡以及权利滥用制约体系错位等特征。不仅在非依判决终结诉讼程序方面,无法充分体现当事人的意思自治,且单纯依赖于撤诉申请方意思的制度设定,也存在着因滥用权利损害对方当事人利益的风险。就我国民事撤诉制度的结构性重置逻辑而言,应在遵循处分权主义的基础上,将法院垄断化的实质决定权转变为合要件性的形式审查权,与此同时,也应满足当事人平等、诉讼经济、程序安定等原则的要求,构建旨在保护对方当事人信赖利益与防止司法资源浪费的制约体系,以期平衡权利保障与权利滥用之间的对立与紧张。The institutional design of replacing the Specification requirements of withdrawing the lawsuits by court uni- lateral veto in positive laws is unable to fully embody the autonomy of the parties in terms of ending up the decision proce- dure not depending on judgment. It is also on the risk of abusing the rights by simply relying on the meaning of withdrawing the lawsuit parties. To refactor the system of withdrawing the lawsuit of civil action, on the one hand, It is necessary to break the monopoly structure of court decisions in cases, and then replace with explicit decision elements. On the other hand, It is essential to build the restraint system based on the other party~ reliance interest protection and system program consequences. While following the disposition doctrine, It should be the core subject for reconstructing the withdrawal sys- tem to coordinate the relationships among the equality of the parties, litigation economy, procedure stability and the disposi- tion doctrine, and to balance the rights protection and abasement.

关 键 词：撤诉要件 撤诉效果 处分权主义 当事人平等原则 

分 类 号：DF72[政治法律—诉讼法学]