制造知识:民国中小学历史教科书中的“辛亥革命”建构  

Making Knowledge: Construction of “The Revolution of 1911” in the History Textbooks for the Primary and Secondary Schools of the Republic of China

作　　者：李培健 

机构地区：[1]西安科技大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《云南社会科学》2018年第3期164-170,188,共7页Social Sciences in Yunnan

基　　金：陕西省教育厅科研计划项目"知识生产的政治性:民国时期中小学历史教科书中的辛亥革命叙事研究"(项目号:17JK0478)的阶段性成果

摘　　要："辛亥革命"是民国中小学历史教科书中颇为重要的历史知识,但在北洋政府与南京政府时期,它却有着不同的知识呈现。按照结构分析法来考察历史知识的生成过程,这一问题似可解答。这类知识蕴含着叙事层、观念层和目的层三个层次。在共和观和革命观的指导下,这两个时期多数教科书分别采用了共和叙事与革命叙事,其结果为无论是在关注节点还是对革命以及民国建立的评价上,都存在较大差异。而之所以如此,与当政政权建构其政治合法性有关。为了达到自身的目的,政府通过制定教育宗旨(精神)、实施教材审查制度来规训教科书的内容,以便将其对辛亥革命的认识以知识的形式呈现,并成为一般国民的历史观,可见,"辛亥革命"这一历史知识是由政权、教育与编者共同"制造"而成的。During the period of the Beiyang Government and the period of the Nanjing Government,"the Revolution of1911"had different looks in the history textbooks for the primary and secondary schools.Under the guidance of the republican view and the revolutionary view,most of the textbooks in these two periods used republican narrative and revolutionary narratives.Despite the huge disagreements in specific issues,in essence,their purpose is the same,that is,to build their own political legitimacy.In order to achieve this goal,the government disciplined the contents of textbooks by the development of educational purposes(spirit)and the implementation of teaching materials review system,thus shaped the national view of history.That means the historical knowledge of"the Revolution of 1911"was"made"by the political power,education and the writers as well.

关 键 词：北洋政府时期 南京政府时期 中小学历史教科书 辛亥革命 历史知识 

分 类 号：K258[历史地理—历史学]