宽恕心理的行为测量及认知神经机制  

A Review of the Behavioral Measures of Forgiveness and its Cognitive Neural Mechanism

作　　者：李海江[1] 卢家楣[1] Li Haijiang;Lu Jiamei(Department of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 20023)

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学心理学系,上海200234

出　　处：《心理科学》2018年第3期700-705,共6页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学重大课题攻关项目(13JZD048);教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金(17YJC190011);上海市教育委员会和上海市教育发展基金会"晨光计划"(15CG49)项目的资助

摘　　要：宽恕是一个复杂的心理过程,被认为是对冒犯者的亲社会化转变的过程,包括认知、情绪、动机和行为上的改变。本文回顾了国内外宽恕心理的行为测量范式和认知神经机制研究相关的成果,发现宽恕心理的行为测量范式能够揭示宽恕相关的心理过程;认知神经机制的研究发现宽恕心理过程主要涉及负责社会认知、共情和认知控制等功能的脑区。未来的研究应关注宽恕心理行为测量范式的有效性和揭示内容的一致性、宽恕心理的认知和脑神经基础。Forgiveness is regarded as a complex phenomenon, and researchers have no consensus on the definition of forgiveness. However, most researchers agree that forgiveness involves a prosocial change toward the offender which concerning a decrease in negative thoughts, emotions, motivations, and behaviors toward a transgressor, as well as an increase in positive thoughts, emotions, motivations, and behaviors toward a transgressor. Previous studies have found that forgiveness is positively correlated with improvement of relationship quality and increase of subjective well-being, negatively related to neuroticism, depression, and rumination. Forgiveness is also found to be related to physical health. All these factors make forgiveness become an interesting research subject for psychologists.In the present article, we reviewed evidences concerning behavioral measures of forgiveness and the cognitive neural mechanism of forgiveness. We introduced four behavioral measures paradigm of forgiveness including revised Cyberball task, revised Dictator game, revised Prisoner’s dilemma game and revised Taylor aggression paradigm. The results of behavioral paradigm found that these behavioral measures could elicit the same feeling as a transgression in laboratory and might be useful to assess forgiveness which was supported by significant correlation between self-reported forgiveness and behavioral response. Imaging studies examining cortical responses to forgiveness have implicated several brain regions, including medial prefrontal cortex, ventrolateral and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, posterior parietal cortex, anterior and posterior cingulate cortex, and temporoparietal junction, typically those associated with social cognition, cognitive control, empathy and theory of mind. Future research should further explore the influence of different behavioral measures on forgiveness process. Which aspect of forgiveness is assessed by each of the behavioral measures of forgiveness and whether these different aspects of forgiveness ove

关 键 词：宽恕 冒犯 行为测量 神经机制 

分 类 号：B842.6[哲学宗教—基础心理学]