不同坡角公路路基流场的风洞实验  

Wind Tunnel Test on Flow Field of Highway Subgrade with Different Slope Angles

作　　者：鱼燕萍 肖建华 屈建军 魏明年 潘多明 洪雪峰 田永祯[4] 李芳 Yu Yanping;Xiao Jianhua;Qu Jianjun;Wei Mingnian;Pan Duoming;Hong Xuefeng;Tian Yongzhen;Li Fang(Dunhuang Gobi and Desert Ecological and Environmental Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;Highway Management Bureau of Alxa League, Alxa 750306, Inner Mongolia, China;Forest and Sand Control Research Institute of Alxa League, Alxa 750306, Inner Mongolia, China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院敦煌戈壁荒漠生态与环境研究站,甘肃兰州730000 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]阿拉善盟公路管理局,内蒙古阿拉善750306 [4]阿拉善盟林业治沙研究所,内蒙古阿拉善750306

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2018年第3期464-472,共9页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41501010;41371102;41730644);地方委托项目(S315-GLFS-2016);中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院青年基金项目;中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所科技服务网络计划项目(HHS-TSS-STS-1504)

摘　　要：根据内蒙古S315一级公路黑风口路段风沙危害现状,基于风洞模拟实验,采用毕托管测定不同坡角路基模型断面的风速,通过对流场分布、风速廓线及风速减弱率的分析探讨沙漠公路风沙危害的形成机理。结果表明:坡角对路基两侧的积沙范围和风蚀强度有重要影响。风速一定时,坡角越大,路基两侧积沙范围越大,与之对应的防护范围也应加大。路基坡角一定时,路基背风侧积沙范围随风速增大整体可能呈扩大趋势,坡角越大,扩大趋势越不明显,导致大量沙粒堆积在背风坡脚附近,这就需在坡角较大的公路背风侧多设置几道阻沙栅栏和固沙方格来降低风速、防治沙害。风沙流对迎风坡脚和迎风坡肩的风蚀作用最强,在实际应用中,应重点对这两个部位进行工程砌护,以防路基塌陷造成交通事故威胁公路安全运营。Based on the status quo of wind-sand disaster along the Heifengkou section of the S315 highway in Inner Mongolia,China,this paper measured the flow field variations of the highway subgrade with different slope angles by Pitot tube.Furthermore,the paper also discussed the formation mechanism of the disaster on desert highway by analyzing the flow field distribution,wind velocity profile and wind speed reduction rate.The results indicate that slope angles have an important influence on the range of sand accumulation area on both sides of the subgrade and the erosion intensity on subgrade.Under a certain wind velocity,the larger the slope angle is,the more broadly the scope of sand accumulation on both sides of the subgrade turns,then the corresponding protection scope tends to be increased.When the slope angle of the subgrade is constant,the range of sand accumulation on the leeward side of subgrade may increase with the increase of wind speed,and the expansion trend becomes less apparent as the slope angle（34°and40°）becomes larger consequently,resulting in a large amount of sand accumulates near the foot of the larger leeward slope,which needs to set a few more sand-blocking fence and sand-fixing grid on leeward side of the subgrade with larger slope angle,used to reduce wind speed and control sand.The wind erosion effect on the foot and shoulder of the windward slope is the strongest among all measuring points,so in order to prevent the subgrade collapse,the foot and shoulder of the windward slope should be focused on building protective engineering.

关 键 词：公路路基 风洞模拟 坡角 流场 风速廓线 

分 类 号：X169[环境科学与工程—环境科学]