小胶质细胞在阿尔茨海默病中的作用及机制  

Pathological roles and mechanisms of microglia in Alzheimer's Disease

作　　者：王丁[1] 张海波 宫平 于洋[1] 叶德全[1] WANG Ding;ZHANG Hai-bo;GONG Ping;YU Yang;YE De-quan(Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, Chin)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学药学院,上海200240

出　　处：《中国新药杂志》2018年第10期1144-1148,共5页Chinese Journal of New Drugs

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(81571027;31270941)

摘　　要：小胶质细胞是神经胶质细胞的一种,对中枢神经系统(central nervous system,CNS)的损伤和修复发挥重要作用,是中枢神经系统最重要的免疫防线。以往的研究表明,激活的小胶质细胞直接或间接地参与神经系统退行性疾病的发生和发展。在阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer's disease,AD)病理条件下,一方面β淀粉样蛋白以及多种促炎因子刺激并激活小胶质细胞,使之产生多种炎症因子和神经毒素,导致神经元损伤乃至死亡,引发AD。另一方面小胶质细胞可以通过吞噬β淀粉样蛋白和突触剥离等作用保护中枢神经系统。本文对小胶质细胞在AD神经炎症过程中的作用进行总结,为小胶质细胞作为靶点预防及治疗AD提供一定的理论依据。Microglia,a type of glial cells that play a role in the damage and repair of the central nervous system(CNS）,is the most important immune defense of the central nervous system. Previous studies have shown that activated microglia participates in the onset and process of a series of neurodegenerative diseases in a direct or indirect way. In the pathological condition of Alzheimer’s disease(AD）,β-amyloid protein and a variety of proinflammatory factors stimulate and activate microglia,which results in the secretion of a variety of inflammatory factors and neurotoxins,leading to neuronal damages and even apoptosis,then triggering AD. Microglia can protect the central nervous system by phagocytosis and synaptic stripping. In this review,the roles of microglia in the process of AD neuroinflammation was summarized to provide the theoretical basis for the prevention as well as the treatment of AD.

关 键 词：阿尔茨海默病 小胶质细胞 神经炎症 炎症因子 神经保护 

分 类 号：R749.1[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]