主轴回转精度多步误差分离研究  

Study on Multi-step Error Separation of Spindle Rotation Precision

作　　者：马平[1] 李健洪 欧建国 廖能解 Ma Ping;Li Jianhong;Ou Jianguo;Liao Nengjie(School of Electromechanical Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China)

机构地区：[1]广东工业大学机电工程学院,广州510006

出　　处：《机械科学与技术》2018年第6期884-890,共7页Mechanical Science and Technology for Aerospace Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(50775043);粤港关键领域重点突破项目(TC08BE33-2)资助

摘　　要：为解决高精密车床主轴回转误差难以精密分离的问题,提出了多步误差分离法。根据误差特性,每步消除单一误差,最后分离得出精确的回转误差。以固接在精密车床主轴端的标准球为直接测量对象,设计一套以三个空间上相互垂直的电涡流传感器为基础的测量平台,对高精度标准球的径向跳动和轴向窜动进行同步测量。基于径向垂直的两个传感器测得的数据,进行预消偏处理,分离出平均偏心距13.1μm。对轴向窜动量和径向跳动量进行对比分析,从理论上探究轴向窜动对径向跳动的影响程度。最后对预处理后的采集数据采用数理统计法进行误差分离,通过最小二乘圆法评定主轴的回转误差,最终得出标准球的形状误差为2.2μm;而在(0~700)r/min主轴实际转速范围内,该主轴的平均回转精度为1.8μm。To solve rotation error separation of high-precision lathe spindle,the multi-step error separation method was put forward. According to the errors＇ characteristics,each step is set to eliminate the single kind of error. Finally the precision rotation error is obtained in the final step of error separation. With the standard sphere fixed to precise lathe spindle as the direct measurement object,a measuring platform based on three spatially vertical electrical vortex sensors is designed to measure the radial jerk value and axial displacement of high-precision standard sphere synchronously. Based on the two radial vertical sensors,the pretreatment is carried out to separate the average eccentricity of 13.1 microns. By comparing the axial displacement and the radial jerk value,the influence of the axial displacement on the radial jerk value is theoretically explored. After preprocessing the collected data, the mathematical statistics method is used to finally separate errors. Through least squares approximations to assess the spindle rotation precision,it is concluded that the roundness error of the standard sphere is 2.3 microns,and in the actual speed range of 0-700 r/min,the average rotation precision of the spindle is 1.8 microns.

关 键 词：预消偏 轴向窜动 数理统计 回转精度 

分 类 号：TH161.21[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]