禀赋效应、诉讼要价与精神损害赔偿——基于地方司法统计数据的认知心理学分析  

Endowment Effect,Litigation Charge,and Pain-and-Suffering Damages:A Cognitive Psychological Analysis Based on Local Judicial Statistics

作　　者：杨彪 

机构地区：[1]中山大学法学院

出　　处：《法学家》2018年第3期15-29,共15页The Jurist

基　　金：中国法学会2016年度研究项目"损害赔偿诉讼中的司法认知与策略行为研究"的阶段性成果

摘　　要：若要对具有强烈主观色彩的精神损害赔偿进行量化估算,则必须强化对受害人的心理状态的观察和分析,研究诉讼要价的心理机制,还原损害的本来面貌,使裁判更接近于真相。本文利用广东省2011-2014年侵权调解案件统计的面板数据,对争讼权利类型、诉讼禀赋效应和精神损害赔偿的关系进行了实证检验。研究发现,人格权的禀赋效应比财产权的禀赋效应更高这一理论假设并不成立,权利的确定性才是决定诉讼禀赋效应强度的关键因素,受害人对精神损害的认知受到复杂情势的影响,显示出很强的可塑性。在权利价格共识偏弱的案件中,投机获益而非公平受偿往往是受害人提出赔偿请求最重要的激励机制。未来的司法建设应将更多的资源投入到划定权利边界和应对策略性要价。To give quantitative estimates of largely subjective pain-and-suffering damages,it's supposed to reinforce observation and analysis on psychology of victims,study the mental mechanism of litigious charge,in order to restore the original state of harm and make judgment closer to the truth.Using a panel data of tort mediation cases of Guangdong Province in 2011-2014,the article tests the relationship of disputed right type,litigation endowment effect and pain-and-suffering damages.The study reveals the theoretical hypothesis that the endowment effect is stronger in personal right than property right does not establish,and the certainty of right turns out to be the key factor determining litigation endowment effect,meanwhile,the victims'perception of emotional distress would influenced by complex situations,showing strong variability.In the cases with relatively weak price consensus,benefiting from speculation other than fair compensation tends to be the most important incentive of litigious charge.In the future judicial construction,more resources should be devoted to delimitating boundary of private rights and dealing with strategic charge.

关 键 词：禀赋效应 精神损害赔偿 诉调比 民事侵权案件 认知心理学分析 

分 类 号：D925.1[政治法律—诉讼法学]