建构理想的家居 20世纪初期中国大众刊物中的现代居所概念  

Conceptualizing the Ideal Home The Modern Dwelling in Mass-market Journals in Early 20th Century China

作　　者：朱慰先 梁智勇[1] Cecilia L. CHU;Calvin Z. LIANG

机构地区：[1]香港大学建筑学院

出　　处：《时代建筑》2018年第3期106-111,共6页Time + Architecture

摘　　要：文章探讨了20世纪20年代和30年代中国建筑杂志与大众刊物中理想现代家居概念的变化。文章剖析了住宅设计在当时受到建筑师与其他知识分子关注的原因,分析了这一时期中国对建筑的"社会角色"的重新认识。中国的知识分子与建筑师相信优秀的住宅设计能够改善国民生活并改变国民的生活方式,推动国家与社会的进步。因此,中国建筑师将现代建筑视为现代化与社会改良的重要途径,同时,他们也常常有选择地将西方现代主义和中国传统文化相融合,用新的艺术形式刺激建筑行业与家居消费。该研究将注意力投向现代建筑史研究中常常忽略但却有相当影响力的建筑师,阐明了知识在不同派系以及团体中的交流。文章认为对家居问题的广泛关注凸显了"家庭"这一概念在建构建筑话语时的重要性。This paper explores how changing ideals of the modern home were articulated in China＇s architectural journals and mass market texts during the 1920s and 1930s. More specifically, it examines how the design of residential houses and domestic arrangements became a subject of intellectual and political concern for architects and cultural intermediaries. By tracing the competing moral claims ascribed to the modern home through these writings, it illustrates their shifting assumptions about the ＂social role＂ of architecture in the Chinese context. The authors argue that while these critiques were closely related to those in Europe and elsewhere, they were specific responses to accelerate capitalist urbanization in China and were undergirded by a shared anxiety among Chinese elites and professional experts to institute an authentic modern design culture. Central to their efforts was the belief that well designed dwellings would not only help to improve the lives of Chinese citizens, but also transform their everyday day habits and develop China into a more ＂civilized,＂ healthy and productive nation. While modern architecture was promoted by architects as a means to modernization and social betterment, they were also presented by builders and property investors to encourage consumption for the home by projecting imaginaries of modern domestic life. Explorations of these competing conceptions will contribute to a fuller understanding of the contradictory perspectives of architecture and domesticity in an unsettling period characterized by simmering social discontent and emerging nationalism. The attention to lesser known figures in this study will also elucidate the multifarious exchange of knowledge between different factions of architects and institutions beyond the familiar ones represented in existing historiography.

关 键 词：家庭生活 现代家居 住房 居住 住宅设计 建筑 中国 

分 类 号：TU-092[建筑科学—建筑理论] TS975[轻工技术与工程]