玉米播种单体下压力控制系统设计与试验  

Design and Test of Maize Seeding Unit Downforce Control System

作　　者：付卫强 董建军[2] 梅鹤波[2] 高娜娜[2] 卢彩云[1,2] 张俊雄[1] Weiqiang;DONG Jianjun;MEI Hebo;GAO Na＇na;LU Caiyun;ZHANG Junxiong(College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China;Beijing Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学工学院,北京100083 [2]北京农业智能装备技术研究中心,北京100097

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2018年第6期68-77,共10页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0700700;2017YFD0700701);黑龙江省农垦总局科技计划项目(HNK 135-06-05)

摘　　要：针对机械式仿形压力调节机构的不足,开展了基于力反馈的播种深度一致性控制方法研究,研制了播种单体下压力控制系统。本系统由安装在播种单体平行四连杆仿形机构上的下压液压缸、电液减压阀、下压力感知传感器,以及控制器、车载计算机组成。在播种作业过程中,控制器实时采集力传感器信息,与设定的下压力阈值相比较,计算并输出控制量到液压阀组驱动液压缸实时调整平行四连杆仿形机构,使限深轮与地表的压力值在设定的阈值区间内,从而保证播种深度的一致性。田间试验结果表明,在播种深度判定标准为(5.0±1.0)cm时,下压力机械调节方式和下压力电控调节方式下的播种深度合格率均值分别为77.04%和90.37%,下压力电控调节方式下的播种深度合格率均值比机械调节方式高13.33个百分点。将播种深度判定标准提高至(5.0±0.5)cm后,对应播种深度合格率分别为31.11%和56.30%,下压力控制装置的播种深度合格率比机械调节方式高25.19个百分点。可见,下压力电控系统能保持种子播种深度的稳定性,提高了种子深度一致性。In view of the deficiency of traditional method of controlling the consistency of maize seeding depth, the method for controlling the consistency of seeding depth based on the force feedback was carried out and the downforce control system for maize seeding unit was developed. The system consisted of hydraulic cylinder mounted on the parallel four bar linkage profiling mechanism in a seeding unit, hydraulic system, downforce sensor, controller and vehicle computer. According to the force sensor information and the downforce threshold, the controller calculated and output the control value to hydraulic valves. The hydraulic cylinder was drived by valves to adjust parallel four connecting rod profiling mechanism to make the depth wheels and the surface pressure within the set threshold interval, so as to ensure the consistency of seeding depth. The field tests showed that the average quality rate of seeding depth of mechanical control of downforce and electric control downforce were 77.04% and 90. 37% , respectively, while the seeding depth criterion was （5.0 ± 1.0） cm, and the average quality rate of sowing depth of electric control downforee was 13.33 percentage points higher than that of mechanical control. Nevertheless, when the seeding depth criterion was （5.0 ± 0.5 ） cm, the corresponding seeding depth quality rate were 31. 11% and 56.30%, respectively, and the average quality rate of sowing depth of electric control downforce was 25. 19 percentage points higher than that of mechanical control. The test results showed that the downforce control system can greatly maintain seeding depth stability and improve seed depth uniformity.

关 键 词：玉米 播种机 下压力控制 播种深度一致性 电液控制系统 

分 类 号：S24[农业科学—农业电气化与自动化]